The oceans are a crucial source of natural resources for human development, as productive terrestrial resources increasingly reach their limits of economic and ecological exploitation. With increasing human impact on oceans, it is vital to maintain a sustainable human–ocean relationship. We present an indicator system and information entropy model to assess the evolution of human–ocean systems ...

Imagine hundreds of people working on the same program at the same time. Imagine if those people do not know each other and, in fact, do not individually have overall knowledge of the program but merely want to adapt it in order to solve their own particular problems. Imagine each of them being able to contribute their fixes and enhancements to the program while sharing the same code base. This...

We study the robustness of functionals of probability distributions such as the Rényi and nonadditive Sq entropies, as well as the q-expectation values under small variations of the distributions. We focus on three important types of distribution functions, namely (i) continuous bounded (ii) discrete with finite number of states, and (iii) discrete with infinite number of states. The physical c...

Kinetic studies on solvolysis of cinnamoyl chloride in aqueous acetone and acetonitrile with lesser water content shows an order 2.6 with respect to water and it is comparable to that of benzoyl chloride. The relatively greater enthalpy and lesser negative entropy of activation compared to benzoyl chloride favours an SN2 mechanism for cinnamoyl chloride rather than addition elimination mechanis...

Transient stability of electric energy grids is defined as the ability of the power system to remain in synchronism during large disturbances. If the grid is not equipped with controllers capable of transiently stabilizing system dynamics, large disturbances could cause protection to trigger disconnecting the equipment and leading further to cascading system-wide blackouts. Today’s practice of ...

1. The key feature of negentropic entanglement is that density matrix is proportional to unit matrix so that the assumption that state function reduction corresponds to the measurement of density matrix does not imply state function reduction to one-dimensional sub-space. This special kind of degenerate density matrix emerges naturally for the hierarchy heff = nh interpreted in terms of a hiera...

At the heart of many ICA techniques is a nonparametric estimate of an information measure, usually via nonparametric density estimation, for example, kernel density estimation. While not as popular as kernel density estimators, orthogonal functions can be used for nonparametric density estimation (via a truncated series expansion whose coefficients are calculated from the observed data). While ...

The notion of induced second quantization is introduced as an unavoidable aspect of the induction procedure for metric and spinor connection, which is the key element of TGD. Induced second quantization provides insights about the QFT limit, about generalizes Feynman diagrammatics, and about TGD counterpart of second quantization of strings which appear in TGD as emergent objects. Zero energy o...

The non-linearities in the objective functions play an important role in the convergence and stability of various neural ICA algorithms. In case of maximization of nongaussianity, they influence the negentropy and in Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), they are related to the assumed distributions of sources. We present in this paper an experimental investigation of the performance of such non...

Complexity is defined as the combination of distinction and connection. Analysing a complex problem hence demands making the most adequate distinctions, taking into account connections existing between them. The concept of closure in mathematics and cybernetics is reviewed. A generalized formal concept is introduced by reformulating closure in a relational language based on connections. The res...