introductionhistoric cities and neighbourhoods in iran couldn’t adjust themselves to quick changes of the recent decades andhave lost their quality in many aspects. regardless of different cultural, economic and social conditions, newneighbourhoods have been formed next to old areas of the cities. although these new areas welcom ed newfunctions, they couldn’t provide suitable environments for t...

BACKGROUND The built environment may influence health in part through the promotion of physical activity and exposure to pollution. To date, no studies have explored interactions between neighborhood walkability and air pollution exposure. METHODS We estimated concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), a marker for direct vehicle emissions), and ozone (O(3)) and a neighborhood walkability score, fo...

We apply a physical based model to describe the clothes fashion market. Every time a new outlet appears on the market, it can invade the market under certain specific conditions. Hence, the “old” outlet can be completely dominated and disappears. Each creator competes for a finite population of agents. Fashion phenomena are shown to result from a collective phenomenon produced by local individu...

Given an undirected weighted graph G = (V,E) with vertex set V, edge set E and weights wi ∈ R associated to V or to E. Minimum weighted k-Cardinality tree problem (k-CARD for short) consists of finding a subtree of G with exactly k edges whose sum of weights is minimum [4]. There are two versions of this problem: vertex-weighted and edge-weighted, if weights to V or to E are associated, respect...

A systematic analysis of the effects of spatial extension on the equilibrium frequency of cooperators and defectors in 2× 2 games is presented and compared to well mixed populations where spatial extension can be neglected. We demonstrate that often spatial extension is indeed capable of promoting cooperative behavior. This holds in particular for the prisoner’s dilemma for a small but importan...

The category of von Neumann correspondences from B to C (or von Neumann B–C–modules) is dual to the category of von Neumann correspondences from C to B via a functor that generalizes naturally the functor that sends a von Neumann algebra to its commutant and back. We show that under this duality, called commutant, Rieffel’s Eilenberg-Watts theorem (on functors between the categories of represen...

The High School Timetabling Problem consists in assigning timeslots and resources to events, satisfying constraints which heavily depend on the specific institution. This work deals with the problem of the ongoing III International Timetabling Competition (ITC), which includes a diverse set of instances from many educational institutions around the world. We proposed an approach based on Simula...

The prevalence of obesity has become a primary risk factor for adolescents’ health, which is an essential in poverty reduction and sustainable development. Physical activity can help adolescents reduce keep healthy body mass index (BMI). We analyze the 2010 National Youth Activity Nutrition Survey (NYPANS) U.S. school students from 9th to 12th grades (aging 12 18). A latent variable analysis ex...

Abstract Facial expressions are predominantly important in the social interaction as they convey personal emotions of an individual. The main task Expression Recognition (FER) systems is to develop feature descriptors that could effectively classify facial into various categories. In this work, towards extracting distinctive features, Radial Cross Pattern (RCP), Chess Symmetric (CSP) and (RCSP)...