Purpose to evaluate the agreement between the clinical and pathological stagings of breast cancer based on clinical and molecular features. Methods this was a cross-sectional study, in which clinical, epidemiological and pathological data were collected from 226 patients who underwent surgery at the Prof. Dr. José Aristodemo Pinotti Women's Hospital (CAISM/Unicamp) from January 2008 to Septembe...

Esophageal cancer is a highly malignant disease. The direct tumor invasion of adjacent organs is a highly advanced disease in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. This invasive tumor is categorized as T4 in the TNM staging system. Data from Japanese tumor registries indicate that the incidence of clinical stage T4 is 15.2%, second only to clinical stage T3 at 37.6%. The results of esophage...

Gastric cancer is the most common cancer in Korea and has overall survival rate of around 50%. Gastric cancer detected in early stage can be cured by endoscopic resection or less invasive surgical treatment and the subsequent prognosis is excellent. National cancer screening program for gastric cancer has been available for several years. The evaluation for efficacy of our screening strategy is...

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of whole-body unenhanced PET/MR with that of PET/CT in determining the stage of non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS This study was approved by the institutional review board and by national government authorities. Forty-two consecutive patients referred for the initial staging of non-small cell lung cancer underwent w...

background: today the use of laparoscopy before laparotomy is an effective method for decision-making in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. the reliance on ct scans for decision-making purposes is not only unhelpful, yet also misleading . nonetheless, indications for laparoscopy and its application are changing daily. the low quality of diagnostic tools and epidemiological situation in our c...

PET/MRI is an evolving hybrid imaging modality which combines the inherent strengths of MRIs soft-tissue and contrast resolution and PETs functional metabolic capabilities. Bone and soft-tissue sarcoma are a relatively rare tumor entity, relying on MRI for local staging and often on PET/CT for lymph node involvement and metastatic spread evaluation. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate...

AIM Some researchers have proposed the Lymph Node Ratio (LNR) as a prognostic index for post-surgical colorectal cancer follow up. MATERIAL AND METHOD Two hundred patients with colorectal cancer (ratio F/M of 2:1) were studied. Patients were divided in subgroups according to N-stage and LNR score, subgroups of LNR were made on quartiles. For each subgroup 5 year survival rate was calculated a...

The tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification describes the anatomic extent of cancer. The ability to separately classify the individual T, N, and M elements and then group them into stages differs from other cancer staging classifications, which are primarily concerned with summarized groups. The objectives of the TNM system are to aid clinicians and investigators in planning treatment, asses...

UNDER “KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS” 1. The authors tell readers that the staging system for lung cancer “is based on differences in lung cancer survival.” Their reference is to the update on lung cancer staging by Mountain, which states that the lung cancer staging system is based on identifying the intersection of similar treatment options and similar outcome expectations [2]. 2. The authors ...