In post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons, biochemical and electron-microscopical evidence indicate that noradrenaline is stored within granules which, although smaller, resemble adrenal medullary chromaffin granules in some respects. This resemblance between neuronal and adrenal medullary granules has been extended by immunological and enzymic investigations which show that sympathetic nerve gran...

Peripheral nerve injury repair is one of the most challenging problems in neurosurgery, partially due to lack of knowledge of three-dimensional (3-D) fine structure and organization of peripheral nerves. In this paper, we explored the structures of nerve fibers in ventral and dorsal nerves with a laser scanning confocal microscopy. Thick tissue staining results suggested that nerve fibers have ...

We report a role for Nogo receptors (NgRs) in macrophage efflux from sites of inflammation in peripheral nerve. Increasing numbers of macrophages in crushed rat sciatic nerves express NgR1 and NgR2 on the cell surface in the first week after injury. These macrophages show reduced binding to myelin and MAG in vitro, which is reversed by NgR siRNA knockdown and by inhibiting Rho-associated kinase...

In this article, isolated palsies of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI are addressed. After discussion of the pertinent clinical anatomy of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, the isolated involvement of each of these oculomotor nerves is defined. Based on a review of the literature, methods of evaluation and follow-up of patients presenting with diplopia from lesions of these cranial nerves are prese...