In the Internet, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) has been used as an end-to-end congestion control mechanism. Of all several TCP implementations, TCP Reno is the most popular implementation. TCP Reno uses a loss-based approach since it estimates the severity of congestion by detecting packet losses in the network. On the contrary, another implementation called TCP Vegas uses a delay-based a...

Pathological gambling is an addictive disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to gamble despite severe consequences. One of the hallmarks of pathological gambling is maladaptive and highly risky decision-making, which has been linked to dysregulation of reward-related brain regions such as the ventral striatum. However, previous studies have produced contradictory results regarding the i...

Network coding is known to provide increased throughput and reduced delay for networked communications. In this paper we propose a peer-to-peer media streaming system that exploits network coding in order to achieve low start-up delay, high streaming rate, and high resiliency to peers’ and network dynamics, such as ungraceful peer departures, and delays or packet losses. To achieve this objecti...

We model the influence of sharing large exogeneous losses to the reinsurance market by a bipartite graph. Using Pareto-tailed claims and multivariate regular variation we obtain asymptotic results for the Value-atRisk and the Conditional Tail Expectation. We show that the dependence on the network structure plays a fundamental role in their asymptotic behaviour. As is well-known in a non-networ...

An artificial neural network based method is suggested for allocation of transmission loss in a deregulated power system involving bilateral contract based power transactions between power suppliers and the distribution companies. The proposed method allocates transmission losses to operating transactions on the basis of Shapley value game theoretic approach. For this, bilateral transactions fo...

An on-farm composting network operates in the Basque Country (northern Spain), in which solid manure produced in livestock farms (mostly dairy and beef cattle) is composted through windrow turning. This network aims to produce a valuable resource (compost) for the farmers whereas the volume of the solid manure was reduced at farm level The objective of the study was to assess the gaseous losses...

This paper presents an assessment of normalised flood losses in Europe for the period 1970–2006. Normalisation provides an estimate of the losses that would occur if the floods from the past take place under current societal conditions. Economic losses from floods are the result of both societal and climatological factors. Failing to adjust for time-variant socio-economic factors produces loss ...

Currently, TCP is the most popular and widely used network transmission protocol. In actual fact, about 90% of connections on the internet use TCP to communicate. Through several upgrades and improvements, TCP became well optimized for the very reliable wired networks. As a result, TCP considers all packet timeouts in wired networks as due to network congestion and not to bit errors. However, w...

This thesis focusses on problems related to (i) Inference of Congestion in the Internet and (ii) Multicast Traffic Engineering in Overlay Networks. In the first part of the thesis, we propose methods which help to improve the quality of the congestion inference on both end-to-end paths and internal network links in the Internet. Today, transport protocols which transfer data in the Internet cla...

Intertemporal choice, the tradeoff among outcomes occurring at different points in time, involves not only benefit options but also those associated with cost. Previous neuroimaging studies have primarily focused on discounting future gains; thus the neural mechanism underlying discounting future losses remains unidentified. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we comprehe...