The most characterized function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is to terminate cholinergic signaling at neuron-neuron and neuro-muscular synapses. In addition, AChE is causally or casually implicated in neuronal development, stress-response, cognition, and neurodegenerative diseases. Given the importance of AChE, many studies have focused on identifying the molecular mechanisms that govern its ...

La retina como marcador biológico de daño neuronal Artículos originales Comparación de tres instrumentos de tomografía de coherencia óptica, un time-domain y dos Fourierdomain, en la estimación del grosor de la capa de fibras nerviosas de la retina Idoneidad de tratamiento en sospechosos de glaucoma. Estudio de concordancia con el grupo de estudio RAND Atrofia de la capa de fibras nerviosas de ...

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder in which patients experience muscular fatigability due to the presence of anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies which inhibit signal transduction across the neuro-muscular junction. Like all complex disorders, disease is caused by an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Although several genes have been identified which a...

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neuro-muscular disease characterized by specific degeneration of spinal cord anterior horn cells and subsequent muscle atrophy. Survival motor neuron ( SMN ), located on chromosome 5q13, is the SMA-determining gene. In the nucleus, SMN is present in large foci called gems, the function of which is not yet known, while cytoplasmic SMN has been implic...

A high-order iterative learning controller (ILC) is proposed for the tracking control of a functional neuro-muscular stimulation (FNS) system. The high-order ILC scheme may improve the transient control performance along the iteration number direction. The proposed discrete-time high-order P-type ILC updating law and the PD-type closed-loop controller provide strong robustness in tracking contr...

Speech is the effective form of communication between human and its environment. Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder in which the person lacks the control over articulators used for speech production. Speech accuracy is the outcome of well-timed and coordinated activities of the articulators and other related neuro muscular feature. In this paper, Speech utterance is converted into a phone se...

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is defined as a sudden malfunction in the ability of respiratory system to maintain adequate gas exchange. Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure develops as a result of ventilation deficiency and it is defined as an increase of PaCO2 above 45 mmHg. Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a sporadically developing auto-immune deficiency where the neuro-muscular transmission is ...

The use of electricity to stimulate nerves or muscles is nothing new. In the 18th century Galvani recognized that electricity could be converted into "nerve force". Numerous applications of electrical stimulation have been explored, most notably cardiac pacing, cochlear implants or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) units for pain control. Spinal cord injury (SCI), with its "tra...

During human and animal locomotion, the dynamics of the body can be represented with the help of simplified biomechanical models, such as the spring-mass model (often described as spring-loaded inverted pendulum, SLIP model). In this model, it is assumed that the force generated by each limb resembles that of a linear spring. Furthermore, it is assumed that force generated by the leg mainly act...

Our previous study of whiplash injury found that abnormalities in the cervical muscles cause autonomic dystonia. Further research has found that abnormalities in the cervical muscles cause headache, chronic fatigue syndrome, vertigo, and dizziness. We named this group of diseases cervical neuro-muscular syndrome. Patients treated within a 2-year period from April 1, 2002 to March 31, 2004 repor...