Many neurotropic viruses exist and may cause classical inflammation but also low-level neuroinflammation. However, viruses may be dormant within the CNS and become active later. The role of neurotropic virus infections in the causation of psychiatric disorders may be underestimated, because the diagnostic approach to the CNS is difficult and to dormant infections in general, but especially with...

Neuroinflammatory disorders include a wide spectrum of disorders in which immune system injures components of the nervous system. Despite the advances in therapy, lack of efficient curative therapies for these disorders not only affects the quality of life but also places huge burden on the society. These limitations have necessitated therapeutic interventions for developing more efficient regi...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is usually caused by a physical factor, especially like burst fracture. Its primary phase involves displacement and physical accidents for the spinal cord, which have two factors of depth and speed of impact. In this phase, most damaged cells are oligodendrocytes in white matter. The secondary phase involves a cascade of cellular and molecular events that progresses rap...

In the last few years, several research groups have reported that neuroinflammation is one feature common to several neurodegenerative diseases and that similar, although perhaps less profound, neuroinflammatory changes also occur with age. Age is the greatest risk factor in many neurodegenerative diseases, and the possibility exists that the underlying age-related neuroinflammation may contrib...

Niemann-Pick type C disease (NP-C) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by a deficiency of NPC1 gene function, which leads to severe neuroinflammation such as astrogliosis. While reports demonstrating neuroinflammation are prevalent in NP-C, information about the onset and progression of cerebellar astrogliosis in this disorder is lacking. Using gene targeting, we generated vascular end...

Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia cells plays a critical role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. To identify novel natural neuroinflammation inhibitors, a bioactivity-guided phytochemical research was performed on the traditional Chinese medicine "Awei", that exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in over-activated microglia cells. The research identi...

Abstract Neuropsychiatric sequalae to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection are beginning emerge, like previous Spanish influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome episodes. Streptococcal in paediatric patients causing obsessive compulsive disorder (PANDAS) is another recent example of an infection-based psychiatric disorder. Inflammation associated with neuropsychiatric disorders h...

Interleukin (IL)-16, a CD4+ immune cell specific chemoattractant cytokine, has been shown to be involved in the development of multiple sclerosis, an inflammatory demyelinating disease central nervous system (CNS). While cells such as T and macrophages are reported producers IL-16, cellular source IL-16 CNS is less clear. This study investigates correlation expression levels with severity neuro...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a principal cause of death and disability worldwide, which is a major public health problem. Death caused by TBI accounts for a third of all damage related illnesses, which 75% TBI occurred in low and middle income countries. With the increasing use of motor vehicles, the incidence of TBI has been at a high level. The abnormal brain functions of TBI patients ofte...

BACKGROUND. Neuronal hyperexcitability characterizes the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In animals, misfolded tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) protein accumulation — both central to AD neuropathology promote cortical excitability neuronal network dysfunction. healthy humans, Aβ aggregates are first detected, respectively, in brainstem frontomedial temporobasal cortices, decades prior onset cog...