human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv) types 1 and 2 belong to the oncorna group of retroviridae, a large family of viruses, grouped initially by pathogenic features, but later revised on the basis of genome structure and nucleotide sequence. htlv-i was the first discovered human retrovirus to be associated with a malignancy in 1980. the malignancy, first described by uchiyama and co-workers in...

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular, Gram-negative pathogen, causative agent of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis (HGA). HGA usually manifests as a non-specific febrile illness, accompanied by evidence leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and alteration in liver enzymes. Neurologic manifestations anaplasmosis are rare rarely reported. We describe 62-year-old man who developed encephal...

OBJECTIVE During the past 2 decades, celiac disease (CD) has been recognized as a multisystem autoimmune disorder. A growing body of distinct neurologic conditions such as cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, myoclonic ataxia, chronic neuropathies, and dementia have been reported, mainly in middle-aged adults. There still are insufficient data on the association of CD with various neurologic disorders ...

F. Francesconi, MD A.C. Francesconi do Valle, MD, PhD M.T.T. Silva, MD, PhD R.L.B. Costa, MD, MSc E. Carregal, MD S. Talhari, MD, PhD Neurologic manifestations of paracoccidioidomycosis are uncommon. Generally, these are characterized by headache, seizures, or focal neurologic deficits due to a focal brain lesion. We describe a patient with subacute meningoencephalitis, CSF evidence of paracocc...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is both hepatotrophic and lymphotropic virus that causes liver as well extrahepatic manifestations including cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, the most frequent and studied condition, lymphoma, and neurologic, cardiovascular, endocrine-metabolic or renal diseases. HCV-extrahepatic manifestations (HCV-EHMs) may severely affect the overall prognosis, while viral eradication sig...