In the CNS, minor changes in the concentration of neurotransmitters such as glutamate or dopamine can lead to neurodegenerative diseases. We present an evolutionary perspective on the function of neurotransmitter toxicity in the CNS. We hypothesize that neurotransmitters are selected because of their toxicity, which serves as a test of neuron quality and facilitates the selection of neuronal pa...

Irradiation of a mixture of 4-methoxyphenacyl-caged (S)-glutamate and 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl-caged γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) on neurons, at ~260 nm, evokes selective photorelease of (S)-glutamate (Glu) whereas photolysis at 405 nm causes selective photorelease of GABA.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to integrate insights regarding novel neurotransmitters or neuromodulators of neuropsychiatric significance. METHOD Evolving concepts of neurotransmitter criteria are reviewed in light of the unexpected properties displayed by recently identified transmitters. RESULTS Classic criteria for transmitters were based on the properties of acetylcholine but ...

Submitted for the TSF12 Meeting of The American Physical Society Detection and Monitoring of Neurotransmitters a Spectroscopic Analysis1 FELICIA MANCIU, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, KENDALL LEE, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, WILLIAM DURRER, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, KEVIN BENNET, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN — In this work we demonstrate the capability of confocal...

Abstrac t Biosensors are devices that detect and transmit information regarding a physiological change or the presence of various chemical or biological materials in a given environment. A new concept of electrochemical biosensors, directly related to the biological redox processes at the cellular and subcellular level, is proposed for testing microfluidic probes, in order to investigate and tr...

Some people may be laughing when looking at you reading in your spare time. Some may be admired of you. And some may want be like you who have reading hobby. What about your own feel? Have you felt right? Reading is a need and a hobby at once. This condition is the on that will make you feel that you must read. If you know are looking for the book enPDFd receptors for neurotransmitters and pept...

Mammals keep their body temperature (Tb) relatively constant even under a wide range of ambient temperature variation. However, in some particular situations it may be beneficial to increase or to decrease Tb. For instance, under hypoxic conditions, a regulated drop in Tb (anapyrexia) takes place which has been reported to be crucial for survival in a number of different species. This review hi...

We introduce pH-responsive fluorescent false neurotransmitters (pH-responsive FFNs) as novel probes that act as vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) substrates and ratiometric fluorescent pH sensors. The development of these agents was achieved by systematic molecular design that integrated several structural elements, including the aminoethyl group (VMAT recognition), halogenated hydroxy-cou...

Biogenic amines play an important role in brain metabolism and functioning, participation synaptic transmission as neurotransmitters neuromodulators (dopamine, serotonin, histamine others). Catecholamines are formed from the essential amino acid phenylalanine by hydroxylating it to tyrosine with enzyme phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase, which is subsequently converted dioxyphenylalanine (DOPA) tyrosi...