Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. There is growing evidence that repeated exercise-induced transient increases in neurotrophic factors can augment neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. This pilot study compares the effects of 30-min submaximal cycling with those of exergaming (combining exercise and video gaming) at the sam...

Neurotrophic factor genome engineering could have many potential applications not only in the deeper understanding of neurodegenerative disorders but also in improved therapeutics. The fields of nanomedicine, regenerative medicine, and gene/cell-based therapy have been revolutionized by the development of safer and efficient non-viral technologies for gene delivery and genome editing with moder...

Purpose To investigate the mechanism of macular hole (MH) closure following the inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) technique. Methods We performed the inverted ILM flap surgical technique as an experimental MH model in monkeys, and investigated the process of MH closure immunohistochemically. We then investigated the effects of type IV collagen, fibronectin, and laminin, which are cons...

It is widely accepted that neuronal activity plays a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity. Neurotrophins have emerged recently as potent factors for synaptic modulation. The relationship between the activity and neurotrophic regulation of synapse development and plasticity, however, remains unclear. A prevailing hypothesis is that activity-dependent synaptic modulation is mediated by neurotrophi...

With significant advances in the research and application of nerve conduits, they have been used to repair peripheral nerve injury for several decades. Nerve conduits range from biological tubes to synthetic tubes, and from nondegradable tubes to biodegradable tubes. Researchers have explored hollow tubes, tubes filled with scaffolds containing neurotrophic factors, and those seeded with Schwan...

Although "many roads lead to atheroma ", the prevailing hypothesis at present is the Russell Ross' response-to-injury hypothesis, which sates that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that involves several aspects of wound healing. It is noteworthy that, emphasized by the current studies of neurotrophic factors and nerve-immune cell interactions, neuroimmune mechanisms are increasingly im...

Extracellular application of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to developing neuromuscular junctions in Xenopus nerve-muscle cultures resulted in an increase in the frequency of spontaneous synaptic currents (SSCs) and in the amplitude of nerve-evoked synaptic currents. Analyses of the amplitude and time course of the SSCs suggest that these effects...

Previous studies suggest that the delivery of neurotrophic factors secreted from adipose stromal cells (ASC) protect the brain from 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity. However, it remains unclear which secreted neurotrophic factor has an important role in protecting 6-OHDA-treated neurons. Through the use of antibodies in this study, we demonstrated that specific neutralization of...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) predominantly occurring in older adults, and is particularly common after the age of 60. The primary pathologic characteristics of PD are neuronal degeneration and cell death of dopaminergic (DA-ergic) neurons, leading to a decrease in the dopamine (DA) level in the striatum. Originally extracted and purified...

In multiple sclerosis, myelin repair is generally insufficient despite the relative survival of oligodendrocytes within the plaques and the recruitment of oligodendrocyte precursors. Promoting remyelination appears to be a crucial therapeutic challenge. Using a newly developed enzymatic index of myelination, we screened different neurotrophic factors for their ability to enhance myelination. Ne...