We examine a naming game with two agents trying to establish a common vocabulary for n objects. Such efforts lead to the emergence of language that allows for an efficient communication and exhibits some degree of homonymy and synonymy. Although homonymy reduces the communication efficiency, it seems to be a dynamical trap that persists for a long, and perhaps indefinite, time. On the other han...

In this work, a concept representation model (FISCRM) has been developed, which is based on two types of fuzzy interrelations between words, synonymy and generality, obtained from a fuzzy dictionary of synonyms [1] and a fuzzy ontology respectively. The model has been put into the metasearcher FISS (Fuzzy Interrelations and Synonymy based Searcher) which is able to retrieve groups of web pages ...

In this article, ambiguity and synonymy effects were examined in lexical decision, naming, and semantic categorization tasks. Whereas the typical ambiguity advantage was observed in lexical decision and naming, an ambiguity disadvantage was observed in semantic categorization. In addition, a synonymy effect (slower latencies for words with many synonyms than for words with few synonyms) was obs...

An updated checklist of the New Zealand Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) is provided as a supplement to the "Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera): catalogue" of Larivière and Larochelle (2004: Fauna of New Zealand 50). A total of 142 genera and 319 species belonging to 28 families are recorded for New Zealand. Changes to the 2004 catalogue are documented. The synonymy and primary type information o...

A new synonymy of coelotine spider is proposed through a comparison the morphological characteristics and results our molecular analysis. Coelotes hachijoensis Ono 2008, described on basis specimens from Hachijo Island, junior synonym oshimaensis Shimojana 2000. The original distribution C. considered to be Amami-oshima Island Tokara Islands in southwestern Japan, far Island. Various circumstan...