Follicular adenoma is a type of benign and encapsulated nodule in the thyroid gland, but some adenomas have the potential to progress to follicular carcinoma. Therefore, it is important to monitor the state and progress of follicular adenoma in the clinic and discover drug development targets for the treatment of follicular adenoma to prevent its worsening to follicular carcinoma. Currently, th...

Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with age-related and disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. However, the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) during muscle fiber atrophy remains to be elucidated. In this study, we examined whether deficiency of Nrf2, a master regulator of antioxidant transcription, promotes denervation-induced mitochondria...

Oxidative stress is a critical disease modifier in the muscular dystrophies. Recently, we discovered a pathway by which mechanical stretch activates NADPH Oxidase 2 (Nox2) dependent ROS generation (X-ROS). Our work in dystrophic skeletal muscle revealed that X-ROS is excessive in dystrophin-deficient (mdx) skeletal muscle and contributes to muscle injury susceptibility, a hallmark of the dystro...

Dojuksan is a traditional herbal medicine used in Korea and China to treat urinary diseases. In the present study, we aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of an ethanol solvent extract of Dojuksan and a fraction (by bioassay-guided fractionation) derived from this extract, and to elucidate the specific mechanisms involved. The Dojuksan 30% ethanol extract (DEE) had a more significant ...

Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of Orixa japonica (AEOJ) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: The expression of mRNA and protein using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis was investigated. The level of nitric oxide (NO) production was analyzed using Griess reaction. Release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (...

Oxidative stress has been implicated in various pathological conditions including cancer. However, the human body has an intrinsic ability to fight against oxidative stress. A wide array of phase 2 detoxifying or antioxidant enzymes constitutes a fundamental cellular defense system against oxidative and electrophilic insults. Transcriptional activation of genes encoding detoxifying and antioxid...

The brain is vulnerable to oxidative stress and inflammation that can occur as a result of aging or neurodegenerative diseases. Our work has sought to identify natural products that regulate heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and to determine their mechanism of action in neurodegenerative diseases. KCHO-1 is a novel herbal therapeutic containing 30% ethanol (EtOH) extracts from nine plants. In this study, w...