this research, for lowering the use of chemical fertilizer, was carried out using combinations of biological and chemical fertilizer on bean in rasht region in 2012 growing season. the experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with 12 treatments and three replications. experimental treatments included: control (no fertilizers and no inoculants), chemical fertilizers (n...

Published by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR) and issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Andrew G. Hashimoto, Director/Dean, Cooperative Extension Service/CTAHR, University of Hawai‘i at Mänoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822. An equal opportunity/affirmative action inst...

Two field experiments were conducted at Sakha Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons, to study the effect of mineral and bio-fertilizers as well as their combinations on morphology, anatomy, yield and quality of sugar beet. Bio-fertilizers were phosphorine, cerealine and yeast; however, mineral fertilizers were 50, 75 and 100% from recommended...

Fertilizers are often applied according to nitrogen requirement; however, recent evidence suggests that phosphorus (P) may pose as much, if not more, of an environmental threat. The objective of this research was to quantify the differences in phosphate-phosphorus losses in runoff from two organic fertilizers (poultry litter and composted dairy manure) and one inorganic fertilizer control, appl...

An understanding of the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) as affected by farming practices is imperative for maintaining soil productivity and mitigating global warming. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of long-term fertilization on SOC and SOC fractions for the whole soil profile (0-100 cm) in northwest China. The study was initiated in 1979 in Gansu, China and ...

Macroalgal blooms of Hypnea musciformis and Ulva fasciata in coastal waters of Maui only occur in areas of substantial anthropogenic nutrient input, sources of which include wastewater effluent via injection wells, leaking cesspools and agricultural fertilizers. Algal dN signatures were used to map anthropogenic nitrogen through coastal surveys (island-wide and fine-scale) and algal deployments...

Nitrogen fixation is essential for the synthesis of many important chemicals (e.g., fertilizers, explosives) and basic building blocks for all forms of life (e.g., nucleotides for DNA and RNA, amino acids for proteins). However, direct nitrogen fixation is challenging as nitrogen (N₂) does not easily react with other chemicals. By dry ball-milling graphite with N₂, we have discovered a simple, ...

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of application rates of sewage sludge and mineral nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers on As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn concentration in soil, cane plant, and first ratoon (residual effect) in a Typic Hapludult soil. To allow an analysis by means of response surface modeling, four rates of sewage sludge (0, 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 t ha(-1)...

Globally, we are applying excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizers to our agricultural crops, which ultimately causes nitrogen pollution to our ecosphere. The atmosphere is polluted by N₂O and NO(x) gases that directly and indirectly increase atmospheric warming and climate change. Nitrogen is also leached from agricultural lands as the water-soluble form NO₃⁻, which increases nutrient overload in ri...