Session I" Overview of the Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nitrogen Oxides Prof. L. Ignarro, UCLA: The Biology of Nitric Oxide Prof. J. Enemark, Arizona: Transition Metal Complexes of Nitrogen Oxides Prof. W. Koppenol, ETH Zurich: Fundamental Chemistry of Nitrogen Oxides Prof. S. Bohle, Wyoming: Synthesis and Characterization of Higher Nitrogen Oxides Prof. J. Lipscomb, Minnesota: Nitric Oxide as...

Ozone is produced by chemical interactions involving nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. At high concentrations, ground-level ozone has been shown to be harmful to human health and to the environment. It has been recognized that ozone is a regional-scale problem and that regionwide control strategies would be needed to improve ozone air quality in t...

Major pollutants emission from Direct-Injection (D.I) diesel engines are predicted by means of a mathematical model. In order to construct such a model, an integral Multi-Zone Combustion Model (MZCM) is formulated, which basically consists of jet mixing and combustion submodels. In MZCM, variation of injection pressure is considered. Also time period of ignition delay is predicted by considerin...

Agricultural producers are interested in using biomass available on farms to substitute fossil fuels for heat production. However, energy crops like reed canary grass contain high nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), potassium (K) and other ash-forming elements which lead to increased emissions of gases and particulate matter (PM) and ash-related operational problems (e.g., melting) during combustion. To ...

Isoprene is the predominant non-methane volatile organic compound emitted to the atmosphere and shapes tropospheric composition and biogeochemistry through its effects on ozone, other oxidants, aerosols, and the nitrogen cycle. Isoprene is emitted naturally by vegetation during daytime, when its photo-oxidation is rapid, and in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx) produces ozone and degrades a...

A combined Lagrangian stochastic model with micro mixing and chemical sub-models is used to investigate a reactive plume of nitrogen oxides (NOx) released into a turbulent grid flow doped with ozone (O3). Sensitivities to the model input parameters are explored for high NOx model scenarios. A wind tunnel experiment is used to provide the simulation conditions for the first case study where phot...

Introduction Nitrogen oxides (NOx) cause the photochemical smog, acid rain, ozone depletion and greenhouse effect. Therefore, a great deal of studies has been performed to reduce NOx by using various catalytic systems such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) or NOx storagereduction catalyst. Recently, N2O, whose greenhouse effect is 310 times larger than CO2, has been issued due to the new r...

Numerous studies of ambient ozone (O3) in the Los Angeles (LA) area have found both increases and decreases in elevated O3 levels on weekends, depending on location and year. Since the mid-1990s, average daily maximum O3 levels have been higher on weekends than on weekdays throughout most of the area. We used the Comprehensive Air-Quality Model with extensions to investigate causes of weekday/w...

We had in the present thesis the unique possibility to use, in a socio-economically relatively homogenous population, high quality registry information on a population-based birth cohort (84 039 births during the period 1999-2005) in Scania (Skåne), the most Southern county of Sweden. The aim of the thesis was to investigate whether exposure to air pollution, in an area of low-levels exposures,...

It is well known that hydrogen addition to spark-ignited (SI) engines can reduce exhaust emissions and increase efficiency. Micro plasmatron fuel converters can be used for onboard generation of hydrogen-rich gas by partial oxidation of a wide range of fuels. These plasma boosted microreformers are compact, rugged, and provide rapid response. With hydrogen supplement to the main fuel, SI engine...