A young male patient used fixed dose combinations of different fluoroquinolones and nitroimidazoles several times in the last few years for self-treating repeated episodes of diarrhea and loose motion. Each time, he experienced fixed drug eruptions that increased in number and severity on subsequent occasions. Suspecting association between the drug and the rashes, the patient each time discont...

Trichomonas vaginalis was originally considered a commensal organism until the 1950s when the understanding of its role as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) began to evolve. Trichomoniasis has been associated with vaginitis, cervicitis, urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and adverse birth outcomes. Infection with T vaginalis could have an important role in transmission and acqu...

Metronidazole and other 5-nitroimidazoles (5-NI) are among the most effective antimicrobials available against many important anaerobic pathogens, but evolving resistance is threatening their long-term clinical utility. The common 5-NIs were developed decades ago, yet little 5-NI drug development has since taken place, leaving the true potential of this important drug class unexplored. Here we ...

Misonidazole, after reduction to the hydroxylamine deriva tive, was found to react with guanosine in aqueous solution at pH 7. The guanosine product was isolated and was assigned a structure having a new 5-membered ring with a —CHOHCHOH-linkage between the N-1 and N-2 positions of guanine. Removal of the sugar residue from the guanosine product by acid hydrolysis resulted in the corresponding...

OBJECTIVE The blood perfusion of pancreatic islets is highly variable and tightly regulated by the blood glucose concentration. Thus, oxygen levels are considered crucial for islet metabolism and function. Although islet oxygenation has been extensively studied in vitro, little is known about it in vivo. The current study aimed to investigate the oxygenation of the endocrine pancreas in vivo. ...

Introduction: Hypoxia is known to play a central role in many oncologic processes providing the common link among tumor aggressiveness, poor outcome and resistance to different therapies (1,2). Consequently, a variety of methods have been proposed to measure tumour oxygenation in vivo and in vitro (3). In particular, several nitroimidazole derivatives (SR-4554, EF5) have been used in combinatio...

The redox chemistry of different nitro compounds of biological significance is focused to understand how the reduction of the nitro group can play an active role in several aspects as: electroanalytical determinations, free radical generation and stability and free radical reactivity. We have focused our studies to a lot of pharmaceuticals belonging mainly to the following families: calcium ant...

Dientamoeba fragilis belongs to the trichomonad group of protozoan parasites and it has been implicated as a cause of gastrointestinal disease with world-wide prevalences ranging from 0.5% to 16%. The majority of patients with dientamoebiasis present with gastrointestinal complaints. Chronic symptoms are common with up to a third of patients exhibiting persistent diarrhoea. Numerous studies hav...

Giardia intestinalis is a protozoan parasite which infects the gastrointestinal tract of man and animals. It is endemic throughout the world and is transmitted via faecal contamination of drinking water and food. Giardia intestinalis has a relatively simple life cycle alternating between the trophozoite (proliferative form) and the cyst (resting form). The nature of symptoms associated with Gia...

Trichomonas vaginalis, a parasitic protozoan, is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD) of worldwide importance. Trichomoniasis is the most common nonviral STD, and it is associated with many perinatal complications, male and female genitourinary tract infections, and an increased incidence of HIV transmission. Diagnosis is difficult, since the symptoms of t...