Rhesus (Rh) protein involvement in ammonia transport processes in freshwater fish has received considerable attention; however, parallel investigations in seawater species are scant. We exposed pufferfish to high environmental ammonia (HEA; 1 and 5 mmol l(-1) NH(4)HCO(3)) and evaluated the patterns of ammonia excretion and gill Rh mRNA and protein expression. Gill H(+)-ATPase, NHE1, NHE2, NHE3,...

Slow waves (slow wavesICC) were recorded from myenteric interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-MY) in situ in the rabbit small intestine, and their properties were compared with those of mouse small intestine. Rabbit slow wavesICC consisted of an upstroke depolarization followed by a distinct plateau component. Ni(2+) and nominally Ca(2+)-free solutions reduced the rate-of-rise and amplitude of the u...

The activities of Na-K-ATPase and Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) were studied in the aorta, heart, and skeletal muscle of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and control rats. In the aortic rings of STZ rats, the Na-K-ATPase-dependent (86)Rb/K uptake was reduced to 60.0 +/- 5.5% of the control value (P < 0.01). However, Na-K-ATPase activity in soleus skeletal muscle fibers of STZ rats an...

GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain. However, in neonatal animals, activation of Cl(-)-permeable GABA receptors is excitatory and appears to depend on the expression of a Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC) that elevates intracellular Cl- levels, leading to a depolarized Cl- equilibrium potential (ECl). The change from excitation to inhibition appears t...

We have recently disrupted Slc12a2, the gene encoding the secretory Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in mice (NKCC1) (Delpire et al., 1999). Gramicidin perforated-patch and whole-cell recordings were performed to study GABA-induced currents in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons isolated from wild-type and homozygote NKCC1 knock-out mice. In wild-type DRG neurons, strong GABA-evoked inward current was obs...

Background Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) neuropathology is largely driven by two pathological proteins, tau, and ß-amyloid, both of which induce neuronal hyperexcitability are thought to play a role in the high comorbidity between AD epilepsy. Central progression spread tau along networks likely via activity. Our previous work suggests bidirectional relationship epilepsy with seizures inducing patho...