Higher-order two-dimensional as well as low and higher-order threedimensional new Hybrid/Mixed (H/M) finite elements based on independently assumed displacement, and judiciously chosen strain fields, denoted by HMFEM-2, are developed here for applications in macro-mechanics. The idea of these new H/M finite elements is based on collocating the components of the independent strain field, with th...

Most of the existing concrete dams are subjected to cracking. These cracks are caused by various factors such as construction practices, curing, loads and volume change of mass concrete which reduce the efficiency, failure or instability of concrete dams. Using fracture mechanics as a new method to estimate stability and durability of concrete dams is recommended in scientific publications in w...

Heating of green wood involves a complex set of deformation processes, including reversible thermal strain, reversible shrinkage due to decrease of moisture content, and irreversible viscoelatic recovery of growth stress activated by temperature called hygrothermal recovery (HTR). Experimental tests were performed on small Japanese Cypress specimens oriented in the three principal R, T, L direc...

Abstract-In order to adequately reproduce the thermo-mechanical behaviour of metals under finite volume reduction and large temperature increase, it is necessary to use the second order thermoelastic analysis, i.e. to use the free energy function expanded up to the third degree in strain and tcmpcrature. Determination of the corresponding material constants is given and the resulting expression...

In the present study, the composition of bio-elements (K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn) and toxic elements (Ag, Cd) in seven edible mushrooms from the rural and woodland region of Morąg (north-eastern Poland) and the rural and industrial region of the Tarnobrzeska Upland (south-eastern Poland) were investigated using a validated method. The species examined were Boletus edulis, Cantharellus cibarius,...

analysis of the stresses, displacements, and horizontal strains of the ground subsidence due to underground excavation in rocks can be accomplished by means of a hybridized higher order indirect boundary element/finite difference (be/fd) formulation. a semi-infinite displacement discontinuity field is discretized (numerically) using the cubic displacement discontinuity elements (i.e. each highe...

Railway track transition zones are areas where there is a sudden change in the track-ground structure. They include changes between ballasted and slab track, bridge approaches, tunnel entry/exits. often location of rapid deterioration, therefore this paper investigates use auxiliary rails soil improvement to minimise train-track-ground dynamic effects. To do so, 3D finite element model develope...

Rabbit antisera were prepared against ten antigenically different influenza A strains. These sera were absorbed with one or more heterologous strains and in each case all the heterologous or crossing antibody was removed; the anti-bodies remaining after this treatment were specific for the immunizing strain or group of strains. On the basis of reactions with absorbed sera, the strains fell into...