Nomadic and seminomadic pastoralists make optimal use of scarce water and pasture in the arid regions south of the Sahara desert, spreading from Mauretania in the west to Somalia in East Africa. We attempted to summarize the fragmentary evidence from the literature on the health status of these populations and to assess the best ways to provide them with modern health care. Infant mortality is ...

Nigeria was given a very low rating in humandevelopment by the United Nations DevelopmentProgramme (UNDP) for the year 2002. This is duepartly to the patriarchal nature of Nigeria, whichemphasizes male education more than that of thefemale. The result is that fewer educated womenthan men are available to contribute to nationaldevelopment activities. The recent introd...

Examining characteristics of traditional nomadic herding cultures and traditional sedentary farming cultures, both of which are deeply established in Central Asian history, this paper provides evidence on the persistence of gender roles in culture, spillovers from one culture to another, and the impacts of efforts promoting gender equality. First, I investigate whether differences in gender rol...