Quality control of bored piles is a complex operation aimed at determining possible defects in the pile shaft and strength material made by different technologies. The presence decrease characteristics lead to development negative processes stage subsequent building structure. It known that bearing capacity should not be less than ground. Consequently, it necessary strictly observe quality conc...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Biomass is an important trait in functional ecology and growth analysis. The typical methods for measuring biomass are destructive. Thus, they do not allow the development of individual plants to be followed and they require many individuals to be cultivated for repeated measurements. Non-destructive methods do not have these limitations. Here, a non-destructive method based...

The need for non-destructive methods of analysis in order to preserve evidence can be of great importance, although this requirement may vary from country to country depending upon the prevailing criminal justice system. Most courts understand, and accept, that chemical analysis can result in destruction of a specimen, but in certain instances, Counsel may insist on seeing the specimen that was...