BACKGROUND Thumb sucking habits make up the majority of oral habits. While thumb sucking is considered normal during the first two years of life, if it is not controlled and persists beyond the preschool period it may cause deleterious effects on dentofacial structures. Reminder therapy using Bluegrass appliance has been proven successful to intercept thumb sucking habit. CASE REPORT We prese...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders that present at young age, may occasionally be associated with physical problems and disorders. Among them exists a group of oral-pharyngeal conditions with considerable clinical morbidity. Previous research that identified absence or short duration of breastfeeding in ADHD children has been revie...

BACKGROUND The effects of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) on glucose metabolism and appetite regulating hormones are not clear. There is an ongoing debate concerning NNS use and deleterious changes in metabolism. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to analyze the scientific available evidence regarding the effects of NNS on glucose metabolism and appetite regulating hormones. DATA SOURCES A...

OBJECTIVE To describe the use of heel blood sampling and non-pharmacological analgesia in a large representative sample of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in eight European countries, and compare their self-reported practices with evidence-based recommendations. METHODS Information on use of heel blood sampling and associated procedures (oral sweet solutions, non-nutritive sucking, swad...

Preterm neonates (premature infants) are born with various risks that require them to be admitted the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) which is full of stressors. The impact stressors in NICU on infants can minimized by provision seven points developmental care. Unfortunately, nurses’ knowledge and attitude implementing care was still lacking, not all nurses did. This study aims identify eff...

Fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes have been reported in 11 species of sucking lice (suborder Anoplura) that infest humans, chimpanzees, pigs, horses, and rodents. There is substantial variation among these lice in mt karyotype: the number of minichromosomes of a species ranges from 9 to 20; the number of genes in a minichromosome ranges from 1 to 8; gene arrangement in a minichromosome diff...