Recent experience can influence judgments in a wide range of tasks, from reporting physical properties of stimuli to grading papers to evaluating movies. In this work, we analyze data from a task involving a series of judgments of pain (discomfort) made by participants who were asked to place their hands in a bowl of water of varying temperature. Although trials in this task were separated by a...

We study the statistical properties of the combined emission of a population of discrete sources (e.g. X-ray emission of a galaxy due to its X-ray binaries population). Namely, we consider the dependence of their total luminosity Ltot = ∑ Lk and of fractional rms tot of their variability on the number of sources n or, equivalently, on the normalization of the luminosity function. We show that d...

An attempt is made to unravel the dual influences of seawater temperature and isotopic composition upon the oxygen-isotope records of benthic foraminifers from the deep Pacific (dOb). Our approach is to estimate a non-linear transfer function between past sea level and dOb over the last two glacial cycles, with additional information from the mid-Pliocene. Combining this transfer function with ...

Linear dimensionality reduction techniques, notably principal component analysis, are widely used in climate data analysis as a means to aid in the interpretation of datasets of high dimensionality. These linear methods may not be appropriate for the analysis of data arising from nonlinear processes occurring in the climate system. Numerous techniques for nonlinear dimensionality reduction have...

Many of the relationships used in coupled land±atmosphere models to describe interactions between the land surface and the atmosphere have been empirically parameterized and thus are inherently dependent on the observational scale for which they were derived and tested. However, they are often applied at scales quite di€erent than the ones they were intended for due to practical necessity. In t...

Objectives: The occurrence of continuous blood pressure (BP) fluctuations is an intrinsic feature of the cardiovascular system and is related to complex cardiovascular mechanisms and environmental stimulations or daily habits such as coffee drinking.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeine on indices expressing the complex and “chaotic” nonlinear characteristics of BP var...

An integrated memory cell with a mem-ristor and a trilayer crested barrier selector, showing repeatable nonlinear current-voltage switching loops is presented. The fully atomic-layer-deposited TaN1+x /Ta2 O5 /TaN1+x crested barrier selector yields a large nonlinearity (>10(4) ), high endurance (>10(8) ), low variability, and low temperature dependence.

BACKGROUND We tested whether or not heart rate variability (HRV) changes can serve as early signs of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and predict slow and fast VT in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the ICD stored 1000 beat-to-beat intervals before the onset of VT (131 episodes) and during a control time without VT (74 series) in 63 chr...

The contribution of the striatum to category learning was examined by having patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and matched controls solve categorization problems in which the optimal rule was linear or nonlinear using the perceptual categorization task. Traditional accuracy-based analyses, as well as quantitative model-based analyses were performed. Unlike accuracy-based analyses, the mode...

Many processes in atmosphere-ocean science develop multiscale temporal and spatial patterns, with complex underlying dynamics and time-dependent external forcings. Because of the possible advances in our understanding and prediction of climate phenomena, extracting that variability empirically from incomplete observations is a problem of wide contemporary interest. Here, we present a technique ...