OBJECTIVE To identify dental pain prevalence and associated factors in Mexican schoolchildren. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1,404 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years from public schools in the city of Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, Mexico. Data were collected through a questionnaire that addressed sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, eating and dental hygiene habits, and behavi...

INTRODUCTION This study sought to estimate the incidence, average cost, and total direct medical costs for fatal and non-fatal fall injuries in hospital, ED, and out-patient settings among U.S. adults aged 65 or older in 2012, by sex and age group and to report total direct medical costs for falls inflated to 2015 dollars. METHOD Incidence data came from the 2012 National Vital Statistics Sys...

This paper is about two related decision theoretic problems, nonparametric two-sample testing and independence testing. There is a belief that two recently proposed solutions, based on kernels and distances between pairs of points, behave well in high-dimensional settings. We identify different sources of misconception that give rise to the above belief. Specifically, we differentiate the hardn...

This research gives methods for nonparametric sequential monitoring of paired censored survival data in the two-sample problem using paired weighted log-rank statistics with adjustments for dependence in survival and censoring outcomes. The joint asymptotic closed-form distribution of these sequentially monitored statistics has a dependent increments structure. Simulations validating operating ...

This paper discusses a class of tests of lack-of-fit of a parametric regression model when design is non-random and uniform on [0,1]. These tests are based on certain minimized distances between a nonparametric regression function estimator and the parametric model being fitted. We investigate asymptotic null distributions of the proposed tests, their consistency and asymptotic power against a ...

In this chapter, we address the situation where agents need to learn from one another by exchanging learned knowledge. We employ hierarchical Bayesian modelling, which provides a powerful and principled solution. We point out some shortcomings of parametric hierarchical Bayesian modelling and thus focus on a nonparametric approach. Nonparametric hierarchical Bayesian modelling has its roots in ...

Among extensive studies on radial basis function (RBF), one stream consists of those on normalized RBF (NRBF) and extensions. Within a probability theoretic framework, NRBF networks relates to nonparametric studies for decades in the statistics literature, and then proceeds in the machine learning studies with further advances not only to mixture-of-experts and alternatives but also to subspace...

For general estimable parameters in a nonparametric setup, shrinkage (Stein-rule) and preliminary test estimator versions of U-statistics are considered for the (multi-parameter) minimum risk sequential estimation problem. In the usual fashion, allowing the cost per unit sample to be small, an asymptotic model is framed, and in this setup, the asymptotic distributional risks of these versions o...

I explore how and when memory traces are modified by new experience. Using a variety of paradigms, species and analytical tools, I argue that memories reflect inferences about the structure of the world. In particular, memories reflect the assignment of events to latent (hidden) causes. A new event modifies an existing memory trace if it is probable that the event was caused by the same latent ...

INTRODUCTION Participation in clinical trial (CT) research can help decrease health disparities in rural communities. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of principal investigators (PIs) regarding CT participation barriers and recruitment efforts in rural South Carolina, USA and to assess the actual pool of potential CT participants in rural and urban South Carolina. The ul...