A goods and services approach has been applied to determine the economic value of marine biodiversity in the UK. This paper presents the goods and services resulting from marine biodiversity in UK waters, detailing the habitats and species which provide them, and the likely impact of a decrease in biodiversity. Where possible a monetary value was assigned to each of the goods and services. Valu...

recently, the finished cost reduction policy-as an efficient economic policy for competitiveness of domestic products beside foreign competitors-has been paying attention by ministry of commerce of iran. at the fist look, the protection of intellectual property such as inventions increases the finished cost of products; but intellectual property protection can be effective in finished cost redu...

This paper uses data from the Demographic and Health Surveys program (DHS) in 11 countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America to explore the contribution of private health care providers to population coverage with a variety of maternal and child health and family planning services. The choice of countries and services assessed was mainly determined by the availability of data in the different ...

Consumption Expenditure Of the four components of aggregate demand, consumption expenditure C is the largest contributing to between 60% and 70% of total expenditure. For this reason, we often start our analysis with this particular component. This category of expenditure includes private spending on durable goods (automobiles, electronic goods, appliances, ... ), non-durable goods (food, cloth...

Background. The sports industry plays an important role in the progress of the economy in developed countries. The role of technology is remarkable in the enhancement of the economy. Objectives. The present study investigates the effects of technology spillover on the economic growth of Iran’s sports industry through the import of intermediate and capital goods for the period from 1...

The production of goods and services by households can be split into production intended to be sold or exchanged (market production) and that to be consumed by the household itself or given free of charge to another party (non-market production). The former is within the ambit of the System of National Accounts (SNA)3 economic production boundary (para. 6.18 (a)) and called ‘SNA market producti...

the increase of incomes in irans endowents (waqfs) could have an outstanding role in providing a part of public services needed in the society and betterment of income distribution and as a result endowers and benefactors would play a part in meeting greater portion of these services. materializing this objective requires an all-out development of endowment (waqt) services as wall as better ope...

The natural world generates a range of valuable goods and services that support human well–being. !ese goods and services, collectively called ecosystem services, are typically provided free of charge and often have characteristics of public goods. Like other public goods, ecosystem services will not be provided optimally by aggregating the decisions of individuals motivated by self–interest. F...