Using cleft lip and palate as an exemplar, this article examines parents' decision-making for children in the context of elective treatments which aim to 'normalise' a child's function, appearance, communication or identity. Using purposive and theoretical sampling, 35 parents with children from infancy to young adulthood were recruited through a specialist cleft centre in England. Parents were...

We study the Laplacian flow and coflow on contact Calabi-Yau $7$-manifolds. show that natural initial condition leads to an ancient solution of with a finite time Type I singularity which is not soliton, whereas it produces immortal (though eternal self-similar) has infinite singularity, IIb unless transverse Calabi--Yau geometry flat. The flows in each case collapse (after normalising volume) ...

Let σ={σi:i∈I} be a partition of the set all prime numbers. A subgroup H finite group G is said to σ-subnormal in if can joined by chain subgroups H=H0⊆H1⊆⋯⊆Hn=G where, for every j=1,⋯,n, Hj−1 normal Hj or Hj/CoreHj(Hj−1) σi-group some i∈I. B soluble normalising Nσ-residual non-σ-subnormal G, where Nσ saturated formation σ-nilpotent groups. We show that normalises does not have section σ-residu...

Determining which reference genes have the highest stability, and are therefore appropriate for normalising data, is a crucial step in the design of real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) gene expression studies. This is particularly warranted in non-model and ecologically important species for which appropriate reference genes are lacking, such as the mallard--a key reservoir of many diseases with ...

Background and aims: Erroneous thymic selection of developing T lymphocytes may be responsible for the expansion of self reactive T cells or may contribute to the absence of regulatory T cells important in controlling peripheral inflammatory processes. Colitis in bone marrow (BM) transplanted Tge26 mice is induced by abnormally activated T cells developing in an aberrant thymic microenvironment...

OBJECTIVE To explore women's experiences of symptoms potentially indicative of gynaecological cancer in a community-based sample without imposing a cancer perspective. DESIGN A qualitative interview study with thematic analysis of transcripts. PARTICIPANTS 26 women aged ≥30 years, who had experienced a symptom that might indicate gynaecological cancer in the past 3 months, were recruited us...

Abstract The aim of this study is to inter-compare and evaluate operational open road Gaussian line source models currently in use in the Nordic countries Norway, Denmark and Finland. By comparing the models and their results on different datasets, a more robust and objective assessment of model performance and applicability can be made. Four models, HIWAY2-AQ, OML-Highway, CAR-FMI and WORM, ar...

The following is a simple example to show two important properties of a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler and to illustrate the basic functionality of the method and issues relating to it’s usage. A Markov chain is a series where the realisation of the next element in the series, Y , is dependent only on the current state, X, and occurs with probability, P (Y |X). So the even number serie...