NMDA receptor subunit composition varies throughout the brain, providing molecular diversity in NMDA receptor function. The NR2 subunits (NR2A-D) in large part dictate the distinct functional properties of NMDA receptors and differentially regulate receptor trafficking. Although the NR2C subunit is highly enriched in cerebellar granule cells and plays a unique role in cerebellar function, littl...

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitotoxicity is implicated as a proximate cause of neurodegeneration in Huntington Disease (HD). This hypothesis has not been tested rigorously in vivo. NMDAR-NR2B subunits are a major NR2 subunit expressed by striatal medium spiny neurons that degenerate in HD. To test the excitotoxic hypothesis, we crossed a well validated murine genetic model ...

Light deprivation lowers the threshold for long-term depression (LTD) and long-term potentiation (LTP) in visual cortex by a process termed metaplasticity, but the mechanism is unknown. The decreased LTD/P threshold correlates with a decrease in the ratio of NR2A to NR2B subunits of cortical NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and a slowing of NMDAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). Howeve...

Although the trafficking of AMPA receptors has received much recent fanfare as a mechanism for synaptic plasticity, NMDA receptors have received less attention in this regard. However, Scott et al. now show that independent regions within the cytoplasmic domains of NMDA receptor type 1 (NR1) and NMDA receptor type 2 (NR2) subunits target NMDA receptors for internalization. Interestingly, the re...

Single-channel recordings were obtained from Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit NR1 in combination with NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, or NR2A/NR2B. NMDA-activated currents were recorded under control conditions and in the presence of a thiol reductant (DTT), an oxidant (5, 5'-dithio-bis[2-nitrobenzoic acid], DTNB), or the noncompetitive antagonist ...

Herein the examination of transformation alkynes by low-coordinate iron silylamides is presented. An anionic linear iron(I) ([Fe(N{Dipp}SiR3)2]−; Dipp=2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl, R=Me) acts as precatalyst for cyclotrimerization diphenyl acetylene but unable to transform internal with aliphatic substituents or terminal accordingly. For a benzylic, alkyne, however, 1,3-H-shift alkyne observed and pr...

The ultrastructure of neurons and neuroglia in the cerebral and pleuro-pedal ganglia of Haliotis asinina are described. There are four types of neurons (NR1-4) and three types of neuroglia. (NG1-3). The NR1, which is the largest nerve cell, has a round nucleus with a thin rim of heterochromatin attached to the nuclear envelope. The cytoplasm contains numerous rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitoch...

NMDA receptors are glutamate-gated ion channels that play important roles in synaptic transmission and excitotoxicity. The functional NMDA receptor is thought to be a heterotetramer composed mainly of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits. Although it is generally accepted that only correctly assembled NMDA receptors can pass the ER quality control, the mechanism underlying this process is not well unde...

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play important functions in neural development. NR2B is the predominant NR2 subunit of NMDAR in the developing brain. Here we use mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM) to knock out NR2B in isolated single cells and analyze its cell-autonomous function in dendrite development. NR2B mutant dentate gyrus granule cells (dGCs) and barrel cortex layer 4 sp...