HIV-infected patients exposed to antiretroviral therapy (ART) have an increased risk for hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. We performed a longitudinal, comprehensive, and population-based study to investigate the cumulative effect of different types of ART regimens on hyperlipidemia risk in the Taiwanese HIV/ART cohort. A total of 13,370 HIV-infected patients (2,674 hyperlipidemia and ...

OBJECTIVES It is still debated if pre-existing minority drug-resistant HIV-1 variants (MVs) affect the virological outcomes of first-line NNRTI-containing ART. METHODS This Europe-wide case-control study included ART-naive subjects infected with drug-susceptible HIV-1 as revealed by population sequencing, who achieved virological suppression on first-line ART including one NNRTI. Cases experi...

The product of the Escherichia coli orf17 gene is a novel nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase with a preference for dATP over the other canonical (deoxy)nucleoside triphosphates, and it catalyzes the hydrolysis of dATP through a nucleophilic attack at the beta-phosphorus to produce dAMP and inorganic pyrophosphate. It has a pH optimum between 8.5 and 9.0, a divalent metal ion requireme...

Nucleoside transporters in kidney mediate renal reabsorption and secretion of nucleosides. Using RT-PCR, we demonstrated mRNAs encoding hENT1, hENT2, hCNT1, hCNT2, and hCNT3 in both cortex and medulla. Immunoblotting with crude membrane preparations revealed abundant hENT1 and hCNT3 in both cortex and medulla, and little, if any, hENT2, hCNT1, or hCNT2, indicating that the latter were either ab...

Susceptibility to peripheral neuropathy during antiretroviral therapy with nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors was previously associated with a European mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup among non-Hispanic white persons. To determine whether nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-associated peripheral neuropathy was related to mtDNA variation in non-Hispanic black persons, we seq...

The K70E mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) has become more prevalent in clinical samples, particularly in isolates derived from patients for whom triple-nucleoside regimens that include tenofovir (TNV), abacavir, and lamivudine (3TC) failed. To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which this mutation confers resistance to these nucleoside RT inhi...

Reverse transcriptase (RT) plays an essential role in HIV-1 replication, and inhibition of this enzyme is a key component of HIV-treatment. However, the use of RT inhibitors can lead to the emergence of drug-resistant variants. Until recently, most clinically relevant resistance mutations were found in the polymerase domain of RT. Lately, an increasing number of resistance mutations has been id...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: ART: Antiretroviral Therapy; NNRTI: NonNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor; NRTI: Nucleoside/N Ucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor; PI: Protease Inhibitor; AZT: Zidovudine; D4T: Stavudine; DDI: Didanosine; TDF: Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate; EFV: Efavirenz; NVP: Nevirapine; ETR: Etravirine; LPV/R: Lopinavir and Ritonavir;...

Women need multipurpose prevention products (MPTs) that protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and provide contraception. The Population Council has developed a prototype intravaginal ring (IVR) releasing the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) MIV-150 (M), zinc acetate (ZA), carrageenan (CG) and levonorgestrel (LNG) (MZCL IVR) to protect against HIV, HSV-2, H...