Livedo reticularis is a spastic-anatomical condition of the small vessels which translates morphologically by a reticular pattern, interspersing cyanosis, pallor and erythema. The same can be congenital or acquired. Among the acquired, we highlight the physiological livedo reticularis and the idiopathic livedo by vasospasm; the latter configures the most common cause. The drug-induced type is l...

Adenosine is a CNS depressant with both pre- and postsynaptic actions. Presynaptically, adenosine decreases neurotransmitter release in the hippocampus but only at excitatory terminals. In the thalamus, however, we show that, in addition to its actions at excitatory synapses, adenosine strongly suppresses monosynaptic inhibitory currents both in relay cells of the thalamic ventrobasal complex (...

Little is known regarding the descending inhibitory control of genital reflexes such as ejaculation and vaginal contractions. The brainstem nucleus paragigantocellularis (nPGi) projects bilaterally to the lumbosacral motoneuron pools that innervate the genital musculature of both male and female rats. Electrolytic nPGi lesions facilitate ejaculation in males, leading to the hypothesis that the ...

Defects of adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP) lead to X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), a disorder mainly affecting the nervous system white matter and the adrenal cortex. In the present study, we examine the expression of ALDP in various human tissues and cell lines by multiple-tissue RNA expression array analysis, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. ALDP-encoding mRNA is mo...

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a rare cutaneous vascular disorder that was first described in 1922 by Van Lohuizen (1). The clinical presentation is one of persistent cutis marmorata, phlebectasia, telangiectasia, and areas of ulcerations. The disorder shows slow clinical improvement over time. Previously, CMTC has also been described as congenital generalized phlebectasia ...

The reticulate pattern is probably one of the most important dermatological signs that signifies the involvement of the underlying vascular networks and the cutaneous vasculature. It is seen in benign forms of livedo reticularis and in more sinister conditions such as Sneddon’s syndrome. There is considerable confusion in the literature with different authors having utilised a variety of terms ...

BACKGROUND Livedo may be an independent risk factor for pregnancy morbidity, additional to the known risks associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of pregnancy related morbidity in patients with widespread livedo reticularis who are persistently negative for aPL. PATIENTS AND METHODS 52 patients with widespread livedo reticula...

Idiopathic livedo reticularis may be associated with ulcerations of the lower extremities beginning primarily during the warmer or summer months, as well as the more usual occurrence of winter ulcerations. Summer ulceration apparently is a new and rare entity which has many clinical and histopathologic features similar to winter ulcerations. Hypertension, Raynaud's phenomena, acrocyanosis and t...

Sneddon's syndrome (SS) is characterized by ischemic cerebrovascular episodes and livedo reticularis. It is more common in young women and can also be associated with valvulopathy, a history of spontaneous abortion, renal involvement and vascular dementia. We describe three cases of young women with this disease. The patients had repeated ischemic cerebral episodes, livedo reticularis and throm...

Infrared (IR) responsive nuclei in the rattlesnake Crotalus viridis were identified by using 14C-2-deoxyglucose (2DG) and autoradiography. Following 2DG intracardial injection, the IR-sensitive pit organ was stimulated periodically with an IR stimulus for 5 hours. The nucleus of the lateral descending trigeminal tract (LTTD, the primary IR sensory nucleus) was labelled heavily with 2DG. Labelli...