Spermatids are the earliest male germ cells with one set of haploid chromosomes. After experiments, mainly in rodents, the spermatid injection was introduced in human assisted reproduction to the treatment of men with non-obstructive azoospermia. Spermatid injection is a technique with particular difficulties that may negatively influence the outcome. The identification, isolation and the asses...

abstract: background: the availability of testis specific genes will be of help in choosing the most promising biomarkers for the detection of testicular sperm retrieval in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (noa). cdy1 histone acetyltransferase is a histone modifier which concentrates in the nucleus of round spermatids, where histone hyperacetylation occurs and causes the replacement of...

Background: Azoospermia could be due to either obstruction (obstructive azoospermia: OA) or spermatogenic failure (non-obstructive NOA). Close 50% of men with NOA have small pockets sperm in the testis which retrieved surgically and then injected into oocytes a program intra-cytoplasmic insertion. Presently, there are no accepted non-invasive tests al...