Evidence for the formation of OCN− in interstellar ice analogues is summarized with an emphasis on the recent experiments of Demyk et al. (1998). Their experiments are reinterpreted in terms of two different types of chemical reactions, acid-base and oxidation-reduction. New spectra of UVphotolyzed and p+-irradiated ices are presented, and reasons for similarities considered. The role of e− and...

Digital Object Identifi er: 10.1188/05.CJON.301-303 As an advanced practice nurse, you care for patients who have a variety of chronic conditions, and you are expected to handle them all. How do you keep up with all of the advances in cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, and infectious disease? You read this column, dedicated to managing a variety of primary care disorders in conjunctio...

Osteoblasts, as well as osteocytes that are a terminally differentiated form of osteoblasts, are responsible for bone formation by producing bone matrix proteins, which subsequently induce tissue mineralization. Osteoblasts differentiate and mature from their progenitors in response to various regulatory factors including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1),...

BACKGROUND Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of bone resorption. These kinds of drugs, which are used for the treatment of osteolytic diseases, have been associated with the occurrence of oral osteonecrosis, especially in patients over 60 years old. Current studies have demonstrated that the cytotoxic effects of bisphosphonates on osteoblasts play an important role in oral osteonecrosis dev...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the proliferation, differentiation, and matrix mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells in vitro. Methods MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were prepared. Cytotoxic effects and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylt...

INTRODUCTION Aging people's bone regeneration potential is always impaired. Bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) contain progenitors of osteoblasts. Donor age may affect MSCs' proliferation and differentiation potential, but the genomic base is still unknown. Due to recent research's indication that a core circadian component, brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 protein (BMAL1), has a role in premature ag...

The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of technetium methylenediphosphonate (99Tc-MDP) on the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts. Human iliac cancellous bone was isolated and cultured with either 99Tc‑MDP, β fibroblast growth factor (as a positive control) or medium only (as a negative control). Proliferation was assessed by direct cell counting, CCK‑8 ass...

BACKGROUND The Forkhead/Fox transcription factor Foxc2 is a critical regulator of osteogenesis and angiogenesis of cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, myocytes and fibroblasts. The present study investigates the role of Foxc2 overexpression in osteogenesis and angiogenesis of BMSCs in vitro. METHODS B...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of porous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in the presence and absence of osteogenic inducer (L-ascorbic acid, dexamethasone and β-glycerophosphate). The cell growth within the scaffolds in the absence of osteogenic inducers was studied by...

BACKGROUND It is well-documented that both chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) and 21 (CCL21) mediate cell migration and angiogenesis in many diseases. However, these ligands' precise pathological role in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to examine the expression of CCL19 and CCL21 (CCL19/CCL21) in AS hip ligament tissue (LT) and determine...