Organ formation during embryogenesis is a complex process that involves various local cell-cell interactions at the molecular and mechanical levels. Despite this complexity, organogenesis can be modelled in vitro. In this article, we focus on two recent examples in which embryonic stem cells can self-organise into three-dimensional structures - the optic cup and the pituitary epithelium; and on...

Prostate organogenesis is a complex process that is primarily mediated by the presence of androgens and subsequent mesenchyme-epithelial interactions. The investigation of prostate development is partly driven by its potential relevance to prostate cancer, in particular the apparent re-awakening of key developmental programs that occur during tumorigenesis. However, our current knowledge of the...

Pre-gestational diabetes (either type 1 or type 2) has the potential to subject the developing fetus to abnormal maternal glucose levels resulting in problems with organogenesis, resulting in congenital anomalies or spontaneous abortion. Whereas in, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) which manifests after organogenesis in the second part of pregnancy, therefore the major risk for the fetus is ...

GreenLab Model is a functional-structural plant growth model that combines both organogenesis (at each cycle, new organs are created with respect to genetic rules) and photosynthesis (organs are filled with the biomass produced by the leaves photosynthesis). Our new developments of the model concern the retroaction of photosynthesis on organogenesis. We present here the first step towards the t...

Background: Recent studies in eye plaque brachytherapy have shown a considerable difference between the dosimetric results using water phantom and a model of human eye containing realistic materials. In spite of this fact, there is a lack of simulation studies based on such a model in proton therapy literatures. In the presented work, the effect of utilizing an eye model with ocular media on pr...

Uncovering the molecular mechanisms of eye development is crucial for understanding the embryonic morphogenesis of complex structures, as well as for the establishment of novel biomedical approaches to address birth defects and injuries of the visual system. Here, we characterize change in transmembrane voltage potential (V(mem)) as a novel biophysical signal for eye induction in Xenopus laevis...

ocular trauma is an important cause of ocular morbidity in children. at present only limited studies regarding distribution of ocular trauma exist in iran. this study was performed to define epidemiologic characteristics and clinical profile of ocular trauma in children and to discuss management and final outcomes of such injuries. the files of 60 patients aged 16 years or younger who had been ...

purpose : to evaluate the visual results of amblyopic therapy in pediatric patients with monocular abnormalities. methods : the hospital records of visually immature patients with unilateral organic ocular abnormalities and decreased visual acuity, who presented to the pediatric ophthalmology clinic over a one year period, were reviewed. those who had 8 years old of age or less and underwent am...

purpose: to report an unusual ocular presentation of a relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. case report: a 9-year-old girl presented with a subconjunctival mass and ipsilateral preauricular lymphadenopathy. she had history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) in remission but had a normal blood cell profile. because of corneal dellen formation and enlargement of the mass over a 2-week peri...

objective: to determine the sensivity and specifity of ocular ultrasonography in detecting vitreoretinal lesion prior to deep vitrectomy in patients with opaque media. method: the hospital records of patients undergoing deep vitrectomy in a defined period at shiraz khalili hospital were reviewed. sonographic reports given by a sonologist and operation reports given by a vitreoretinal fellowship...