BACKGROUND The occurrence and severity of corneal oedema after phacoemulsification is dependent on the integrity of corneal endothelial cells. The function of these cells is affected by diabetes mellitus and consequently the behaviour of the cornea in diabetic patients is of special interest. AIM To compare the frequency of corneal oedema in two age-matched groups of diabetics and non diabeti...

We investigated morphological alterations induced by s.c. injection of 2.5 microg of Bothrops jararaca venom in rats. Intense disorganisation of collagen fibres was observed 1 min after the venom injection, particularly at regions near vessels and nerves. Mast cells were degranulated, and erythrocytes were seen leaving venules throughout the endothelial junctions. At this time, damaged endothel...

A 60-year-old man presented with a 2-week history of generalised fatigue and bilateral lower limb weakness. He had been found to have hypertension during a health screen performed 1 year previously but was not taking any medications. A physical examination revealed a grade-III hypertensive retinopathy. He had full muscle strength and normal reflexes. His orientation and attention levels were sa...

Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a major cause of blindness that has an increasing prevalence associated with the general population in diabetes worldwide. In DMO, increased expression of factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) disrupts the blood– retina barrier causing leakage and accumulation of extracellular fluid in the macula with resultant loss of vision. Focal and gri...

war or exploration in polar regions. Keys, et al (1950) and McCance (1951) have recently given a comprehensive historical survey of famine and war cedemas. I have no intention of covering the same ground again. So far as India is concerned, the last experience we had of hunger oedema on a large scale was in the Bengal famine of 1943-1944. Even now in certain regions of India, one gets not infre...

A 10-year-old boy with severe hereditary angio-oedema was given danazol, 200 mg each day. There was a pronounced reduction in the frequency and severity of oedema.

Renal and hormonal abnormalities, usually manifested as oedema or hyponatraemia, are encountered frequently in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The exact incidence of clinically significant oedema and hyponatraemia has not been documented. In advanced disease some degree of oedema is observed in a large proportion of patients; the pattern of hyponatraemia parallels th...

PURPOSE To describe two patients with macular oedema secondary to tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) who were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab injection. METHODS Interventional case reports. Bevacizumab 1.25 mg was injected into the vitreous of two patients with TSC-associated macular oedema / exudative retinal detachment. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration in the vitr...

AIMS/BACKGROUND Retinal vessel dilatation is a well known phenomenon in diabetes. In this study, the theory of whether excessive changes in diameter and length of retinal vessels occur in the development of diabetic macular oedema was tested, supporting a hypothesis that the development of diabetic macular oedema may be linked to hydrostatic pressure changes described in Starling's law. METHO...

OBJECTIVE Glidescope and Airtraq were designed for facilitating intubation and for teaching regarding the airway anatomy. We aimed to evaluate their efficacy in normal airway, tongue oedema and face-to-face orotracheal intubation models when used by novice personnel. METHODS After the local human research ethics committee approval, 36 medical students who were in the beginning of their third ...