Abstract We present a non-invasive approach for determining plasma parameters such as electron temperature and density inside radio-frequency ion thruster (RIT) using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA). Instead of relying on theoretical microscopic model the to extract from OES, an empirical correlation is established basis conducting simu...

Low-temperature and low-pressure plasma was investigated by OES (optical emission spectroscopy) in the range 200–1100 nm. For displaying measured emission spectra and identification of spectrum lines the software Spectrum Analyzer was used. Two modes of glow discharge present in the DC cylindrical magnetron apparatus which were previously researched by a mass spectrometer were studied by OES. T...

While GDMS is the technique of choice for high sensitivity metals and semiconductor analyses, there are no commercially available radio frequency-GDMS sources. Thus, bulk non-conductive materials must be ground to a powder, mixed with metal, and pressed to form a conductive disk. The analysis of thick oxide or polymer layers is not available directly. In some cases, a conductive metal mask (cal...

industrial wastewaters are of the major sources of heavy metal pollution in the environment. in the middle east, gas and oil industry is the major source of heavy metal pollution and releases significant amounts of metals into the terrestrial and aquatic environment. in this research the capability of the common reed ( phragmitis australis ) in absorbing heavy metals cd, pb and v from the waste...

All commercially available reagents were used as received. Solvents were distilled before use. The obtained compounds were fully characterized by standard analytical methods using a Varian Mercury 300 NMR spectrometer for H(300 MHz) and F-NMR spactra (282 MHz) in deuteric solvents. Mass spectrometric data were recorded on Finnigan SSQ 7000 and Thermo Deca XP as EI (70 eV) or ESI. IR spectra wer...

Abstract The deposition process using the sputtering method is a technique that produces thin layer. can be used with some modifications made to system. One of identifications through results Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) spectrum. By analyzing OES spectrum in system, it seen condition plasma formation chamber. gas system Argon. varying voltage, flow rate, pressure and temperature substra...

Silane-based plasmas are widely used to deposit nanostructured silicon thin films or to synthesize silicon nanoparticles. Dust particle formation in Ar/SiH4 plasmas is a continuous phenomenon: as long as silane precursors are provided, new dust generations are formed. Successive generations can be monitored thanks to various electrical (Vdc/3H) and optical (OES, video imaging) diagnostics. Expe...

3 4 Muhammad Afzal Javed , Andrew J. Grant , Mary. C. Bagnall , Duncan J. Maskell , 5 Diane G. Newell and Georgina Manning. 6 7 8 l School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, 9 NG11 8NS, U K 10 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB3 OES, UK. 11 Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 12 3NB, UK. 13 14...

D oes your paediatrician have difficulty concentrating during lectures, particularly those on molecular biology and healthcare planning? When taking a history, does your paediatrician not listen properly and keep asking the same questions? Is your paediatrician too busy to spend any time with his or her own children? These are all signs of ADHD(P), a newly described phenotype of attention defic...

^ ^ many cases it appears that this may be largely due to ^act that the nature of the decomposition which a compound <wer?oes within the organism may differ essentially from its ^c?mposition in. vitro, and this makes it difficult to predict in aC^0n anY new drug until its products of decomposition pre^0 ^ave been ascertained. With the knowledge at be Sen^ available it is quite obvious that it c...