repeating x-ray radiographs, as a common problem in radiology units, represent additional, non-billable costs due to increased film, chemistry, and equipment use as well as increased personnel time. furthermore, patients receive additional radiation exposure from repetitions and must remain on the premises until the second exam is completed. compounding the overt negative financial impact on th...

I ndonesia has one of the highest ratios of maternal mortality in Southeast Asia (359 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2012), according to the latest Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. The Indonesian government provides free maternal and child health services, but for many of the twenty-five million female workers who are of reproductive age, these services are not available during their...

Election officials are frequently locked into a single vendor’s product line by decisions made years and decades ago in their jurisdiction when the needs were different. The cost of converting the jurisdiction’s entire product line to another vendor and the top to bottom change in procedures often required is prohibitive. Election officials don’t have an opportunity to shop for the best product...

The Vernal Pool Mapping and Assessment Program (VPMAP) was initiated in 2007 to create a vernal pool database as a planning tool to foster local compliance with new state vernal pool regulations. In the northeastern United States, vernal pools are seasonal wetlands that provide critical breeding habitat for a number of amphibians and invertebrates and provide important resting and foraging habi...

Published rates of inhospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in Australia vary from 0.66 to 3.77 per 1000 admissions.1-3 Although they are relatively infrequent, IHCAs are associated with an inhospital mortality of 68%–82% in Australia.3-6 Despite the promulgation of protocols for basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS), and considerable organisational commitments to train staff in such...

When epidemic cholera appeared in Haiti in October 2010, the medical community there had virtually no experience with the disease and needed rapid training as the epidemic spread throughout the country. We developed a set of training materials specific to Haiti and launched a cascading training effort. Through a training-of-trainers course in November 14-15, 2010, and department-level training ...

Hospitals are a symbol of social welfare and the last refuge of patients, which is the most important issue of the health system. Patient safety is the first and most important issue for the health system.  Before COVID-19, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined the Hospital Safety Index (HSI) to measure hospital preparedness for disasters. During the COVID-19 crisis, hospitals faced many ...