نتایج جستجو برای: oic
تعداد نتایج: 1006 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
A new cassane diterpene was isolated from Amazonian crude drug, "Acapu, " the wood of Vouacapoua americana, together with two known cassane furanoditerpenes, (+)-vouacapenic acid and (+)-methyl vouacapenate. The structure was characterized as cassa-13(14), 15-dien-19-oic acid on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.
Six new ent-15-oxokauran-19-oic acid derivatives, named pterisolic acids A-F (1-6), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fern Pteris semipinnata (Pteridaceae), and the structures of these new ent-kauranoids were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic studies and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
The preparation of 3-oxo-4-azasteroid from A-nor-3,5-secosteroid-3-oic acid is described in a solventless condition catalysed by Lewis acid under microwave irradiation. We utilized urea as an environmentally benign source for the generation of ammonia for the aza cyclization reaction.
Cholestenoic acids are formed as intermediates in metabolism of cholesterol to bile acids, and the biosynthetic enzymes that generate cholestenoic acids are expressed in the mammalian CNS. Here, we evaluated the cholestenoic acid profile of mammalian cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and determined that specific cholestenoic acids activate the liver X receptors (LXRs), enhance islet-1 expression in zeb...
The bacterial degradation of cholic acid under anaerobic conditions by Pseudomonas sp. N.C.I.B. 10590 was studied. The major unsaturated neutral compound was identified as 12 beta-hydroxyandrosta-4,6-diene-3,17-dione, and the major unsaturated acidic metabolite was identified as 12 alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oic acid. Eight minor unsaturated metabolites were isolated and evidence is g...
BACKGROUND Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a common adverse effect of opioid therapy. AIM To evaluate the long-term safety and tolerability of naloxegol, an oral, peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist (PAMORA), in patients with noncancer pain and OIC. METHODS A 52-week, multicenter, open-label, randomised, parallel-group phase 3 study was conducted in out-patients taking 30-...
BACKGROUND Subcutaneous methylnaltrexone is efficacious and well tolerated for opioid-induced constipation (OIC) but may theoretically disrupt opioid-mediated analgesia. METHODS Opioid use, pain intensity, and opioid withdrawal (Objective Opioid Withdrawal Scale [OOWS] and Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale [SOWS] scores) were reported in a randomized, double-blind trial with an open-label ex...
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral lubiprostone for relieving symptoms of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in patients with chronic noncancer pain. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Seventy-nine US and Canadian centers. SUBJECTS Patients aged ≥ 18 years with OIC, defined as <3 spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) per week. ...
Background and Objectives: In patients with chronic noncancer pain, subcutaneous methylnaltrexone for opioid-induced constipation (OIC) was examined in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) followed by an openlabel extension (OLE). This study examined the reproducibility of RCT findings by analyzing data from placebo-treated patients who crossed over to methylnaltrexone. Methods: Adults with less...
Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a common side effect of opioid pharmacotherapy for the management of pain because opioid agonists bind to µ-opioid receptors in the enteric nervous system (ENS). Naloxegol, a polyethylene glycol derivative of naloxol, which is a derivative of naloxone and a peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonist, targets the physiologic mechanisms that cause OIC. P...
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