By using the data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises between 1999 and 2009, the specialization and diversification of China’s exports are calculated. The relationship between financial development and the specialization of export and diversification of exports were studied by using dynamic panel data. It is found that financial credit development could significantly improve specialization of ...

One of the most striking economic trends over the past two decades has been the widening gap between interprovincial and international trade (Chart 1). Between 1981 and 1989, interprovincial exports in nominal terms failed to keep pace with GDP, dropping steadily from 27 per cent of GDP to 22.2 per cent. At the same time, international exports declined, but more gradually, slipping from 28.2 pe...

Subsidies and Exports in Germany: First Evidence from Enterprise Panel Data We use newly available representative panel data for manufacturing enterprises in West and East Germany to investigate the link between production-related subsidies and exports. We document that only a small fraction of enterprises is subsidized, and that exports and subsidies are positively related. Using a matching ap...

This paper identifies some of the main determinants of exports in Fiji. A single equation model for exports is developed in which trading partner income and relative prices play a central role. The underlying conceptual framework is an imperfect substitution model, in which the key assumption is that exports are not perfect substitutes for domestic goods in importing countries. A distinguishing...

We investigate the effect of credit constraints on the growth of exports at the micro level. We develop a stylized dynamic model showing credit constraints play a key role in early stages of exporting, but not in later stages. Our empirical results using product level data on exports to twelve European Union members and the U.S. support the model’s predictions: exports from more credit constrai...

This study examines the scarcity of palm oil in Indonesia's CPO food commodity and government's conservative steps through green resolution policies strengthening local value chains. The validation economy variable indicators this is financing chains exports as measured by product prices production values. In addition to these variables, household consumption expenditure control used a determin...

Patchouli is the largest non-oil export commodity among essential oil exports in Indonesia. However, quality of patchouli Indonesia considered to be very low. Traditional distillation carried out a small capacity and uses simple method based on large difference boiling points or one volatile components. This process produces poor such as acid number more than 8, dark oil, alcohol less 30%, high...

Dissolved total nitrogen (Nt) and total organic carbon (TOC) exports were measured from 30 catchments and regions draining 76 % of the Canadian landscape in order to estimate reactive N and organic C runoff losses to estuaries and the conditions that control them. N exports from the catchments were lower than measured in most of Europe and the United States due to significantly less agricultura...

Pacific Economic Bulletin Volume 21 Number 2 2006 © Asia Pacific Press Granger causality tests confirm the results from the bounds-testing approach of the long-run relationships between Fiji’s economic growth and fiscal and monetary policies and exports. Government expenditure, representing fiscal policy, is assessed to have a greater impact than monetary policy and exports on Fiji’s gross dome...

This paper investigates whether the 2011 expiration of the most comprehensive trade preference program (Generalized System of Preferences or GSP) offered by the US had a detrimental impact on the exports from developing countries. The impact of GSP expiration is examined with a triple difference-in-differences estimation that controls for both countryand product-level export changes. Even thoug...