transition-metal-substituted  (tms)  polyoxometalates  of  the  general  formula  [siw9m3o39], (where m = first row transition metal), has been synthesized and supported on anatase by sol–gel method under oil-bath condition. the tetrabutylammonium (tba) salts of the keggin-type polyoxotungstates  [siw9m3o39],  (m = vii, crii, mnii,  feii coii  and niii),  proved  to  be  green, reusable,  and  ...

A laboratory study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and optimizing the environmental parameters of "landfarming", i.e., the disposal by biodegradation in soil of oily sludges generated in the refining of crude oil and related operations. Oil sludge biodegradation was monitored by CO2 evolution and by periodic analysis of residual hydrocarbons. The parameters studied were soil moisture, ...

Background In a system of two immiscible liquids, usually water (or an aqueous solution) and an organic liquid (e.g. an oil), there are two general types of dispersions which can be formed depending on the conditions of the system. A water-in-oil (W/O) dispersion is a dispersion formed when the aqueous phase is dispersed in the organic phase and an oil-in-water (O/W) dispersion is a dispersion ...

[1] Seismic velocity discontinuities within the top 1000 km of the Earth beneath southern Africa are imaged by stacking about 1300 source-normalized broadband seismograms recorded by the Southern African Seismic Experiment. The Moho, 410, and 660 kilometer discontinuities are clearly detected. The mean mantle transition zone thickness is 245 km, essentially the same as the global average, sugge...

Abstract—This paper evaluates oil displacement by water in Hauterivian sandstone reservoir of Kashkari oil field in North of Afghanistan. The core samples of this oil field were taken out from well No-21st, and the relative permeability and fractional flow are analyzed. Steady state flow laboratory experiments are performed to empirically obtain the fractional flow curves and relative permeabil...

We report the results of a systematic study of the effect of the surface energy of the walls of microchannels on emulsification in parallel flow-focusing microfluidic devices. We investigated the formation of water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions and found that the stability of microfluidic emulsification depends critically on the preferential wetting of the walls of the microflui...

Photoenhanced toxicity is the increase in the toxicity of a chemical in the presence of ultraviolet light (UV) compared to a standard laboratory test conducted with fluorescent lighting (minimal UV). Oil products, weathered oil, and specific polycyclic aromatic compounds present in oil are 2 to greater than 1000 times more toxic in the presence of UV. The photoenhanced toxicity of oil to fish a...

Perforation in internal upset transition zone is one of the main failure styles for drill pipes. Due to the flow channel specificity of upset transition zone, in this paper, drill pipe failure analysis from the point of flow erosion was put forward. Flow field of drilling fluid in the internal upset transition zone of U127 mm API IEU S135 drill pipe under various conditions were obtained using ...

The Rockall Trough or Channel is a clearly delimited deepwater area lying to the west of the British Isles. The eastern and western boundaries are formed by the continental margin and the Rockall Plateau, respectively. To the north it is separated from the colder Norwegian Sea by a ridge at about 500 m depth. To the south the depth steadily increases to abyssal depths. Some of the earliest desc...