Background & Aim: The world production and consumption of essential oils and perfumes are increasing very fast. Lippia citriodora H.B.K. is an herbal species mainly used as a spice and medicinal plant. Endogenous levels as well exogenous application of plant growth regulators (PGR) could affect essential oil production and chemical compositions. Experimental: To study the effect of ex...

This paper reviews the current refuel valorization facilities as well as the future importance of biorefineries. A biorefinery is a facility that integrates biomass conversion processes and equipment to produce fuels, power, and chemicals from biomass. Biorefineries combine the necessary technologies of the biorenewable raw materials with those of chemical intermediates and final products. Char...

Virgin olive oil, produced by filtering the hole fruit, is rich in phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, which are well known as good scavengers of free radicals, and good antioxidants. It is also known that these compounds contribute to lowering the risk of coronary diseases and cancer. Olive oil is very rich in unsaturated long-chain fatty acids, and poor in phytosterols at the same time, that...

Introduction Copyright 2004, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc. There are many aspects of hydrocarbon production processes where understanding the flow of non-Newtonian fluids in porous media is of great interest. These include well drilling and construction, reservoir stimulation and production. In particular, complex polymeric solutions have been used for water-control purposes or to enhanc...

Classical extremum seeking control (ESC), when applied to systems with disturbances, can be subject to large deviations during transients caused by abrupt changes in the disturbances. In oil and gas production applications, such deviations can make ESC impractical. This paper presents a simple yet practical extension to the classical gradient-based extremum seeking control to make it robust to ...

Production strategy from a hydrocarbon reservoir plays an important role in optimal field development in the sense of maximizing oil recovery and economic profits. To this end, self-adapting optimization algorithms are necessary due to the great number of variables and the excessive time required for exhaustive simulation runs. Thus, this paper utilizes genetic algorithm (GA), and the objective...

Huge efforts have been carried out in recent years in order to develop an alternative fuel from renewable resources, such as biodiesel fuel. Therefore, the use of cooking oil as raw material is a very interesting alternative for the production of biodiesel. In this work, waste frying oil was used as raw material for enzymatic biodiesel production. Moreover, this study analyzes the influence of ...

We analyze how a country’s political institutions affect oil production within its borders. We find a pronounced negative relationship between political openness and volatility in oil production, with democratic regimes exhibiting less volatility than more autocratic regimes. This relationship holds across a number of robustness checks including using different measures of political conditions,...