BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disease that is accompanied by pain, diarrhea, constipation and abdominal bloating. Hence, IBS has a major effect on patients' quality of life. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to examine validity and reliability of the Persian version of the IBS-QOL questionnaire in Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS The original 34 items of the IBS...

organophosphorous (op) chemical warfare nerve agents mainly sarin and tabun were used during the iran-iraq war with high mortalities. in addition to atropine and oximes, the followings have recently been used successfully for the treatment of op poisoning. 1. sodium bicarbonate: infusion of high doses of sodium bicarbonate (5 meq/kg in 60 min. followed by 5-6 meq/kg/day to obtain arterial blood...

Osteopetrotic (op/op) mutant mice suffer from congenital osteopetrosis due to a severe deficiency of osteoclasts. Furthermore, the total number of mononuclear phagocytes is extremely low in affected mice. Serum, 11 tissues, and different cell and organ conditioned media from op/op mice were shown to be devoid of biologically active colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), whereas all of these prepa...

The opposite category of a category, contravariant functors and duality functors are defined. Next we state the proposition (1) the objects of C, the morphisms of C, the cod-map of C, the dom-map of C, (the composition of C),the id-map of C is a category. Let us consider C. The functor C op yielding a strict category is defined by the condition (Def. 1). (Def. 1) C op = the objects of C, the mo...

Background Self-report of nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPU) is a cornerstone of drug abuse surveillance, policymaking, and treatment service planning, but misclassification creates bias and may confuse or undermine NMPU estimates [1]. We detected old OxyContin (OC) abuse reports long after a reformulated version (OP) was released (August 2010). This study explored sources of possible NM...

A range of pesticides is widely used in pest management and the chances of exposure to multiple organophosphorus (OP) compounds simultaneously are high, especially from dietary and other sources. Although health hazards of individual OP insecticides have been relatively well characterized, there is lesser information on the interactive toxicity of multiple OP insecticides. The aim of this study...

Organizing pneumonia (formerly known as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, BOOP) is an inflammatory process of the bronchioles that can lead to the destruction of small airways and surrounding lung tissue. Although the majority of cases are idiopathic, certain chemicals and drugs can induce OP. Here, we report a 54-year-old male patient with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCL...

This essay examines the role of Indian-language documentation in production legality colonial western India, focusing on workings Bombay Inam Commission (1852-1863). It situates legal validation claims to tax-free land revenue within broader process securing, organizing, classifying, and registering Marathi- Persian-language documents. Combating effects rain, dirt, pests old state records often...

Background: Despite the importance of parents’ role in socializing children, there is no specific tool this field Iran. The Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES) a to assess responses children’s emotions. Objectives: This study evaluated reliability and factor structure Persian version CCNES. Methods: assessed psychometrics CCNES 400 mothers after translation/back-translation a...