To determine placental microRNA (miRNA) expression at different gestational age, total RNA from six first and six third trimester placentas was isolated. miRNA expression was analyzed by Affymetrix miRNA microarray, and miRNA clusters were identified by web-based programs MirClust and miRGen Cluster. qRT-PCR was carried out to validate miRNA expression, and in situ hybridization (ISH) was perfo...

Cancer is one of the leading causes death worldwide. Multifactorial etiology cancer and tumor heterogeneity are two most acute challenges in existing diagnostic therapeutic strategies for cancer. An effective precision medicine strategy to overcome these requires a clear understanding transcriptomic landscape cells. Recent innovative breakthroughs high-throughput sequencing technologies have id...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that contribute to modulating signaling pathways after radiation exposure and have emerged as a potential therapeutic target or biomarker in the radiation response of cancer. Exposing breast cancer cells to single-dose (SD) or multifractionated (MF) radiation may affect the cells differently. However, the roles of miRNAs in breast cancer cells after ...

Current genome-wide microRNA (miRNA) expression signature analysis using deep sequencing technologies can drive the discovery of novel cancer pathways regulated by oncogenic and/or tumor suppressive miRNAs. We determined the genome-wide miRNA expression signature in bladder cancer (BC) by deep sequencing technology. A total of ten small RNA libraries were sequenced (five BCs and five samples of...

Small noncoding RNAs, including endogenous antisense RNAs and microRNAs, are involved in many different cellular processes. This issue's Molecular Medicine Select highlights recent work investigating the roles of these RNAs in various aspects of tumorigenesis, suggesting new prognostic, and possibly therapeutic, tools for treating cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that negativ...

MicroRNA (miRNA or miR) inhibition of oncogenic related pathways has been shown to be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer. Aberrant lipid and cholesterol metabolism is involved in prostate cancer development and progression to end-stage disease. We recently demonstrated that a key transcription factor for lipogenesis, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), induced fatty ...

Viruses disrupt the host cell microRNA (miRNA) network to facilitate their replication. Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) replication relies on the clonal expansion of its host CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, yet this virus causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) that typically has a CD4(+) phenotype. The viral oncoprotein Tax, which is rarely expressed in ATLL cells, has long been re...

Direct control of microRNA (miRNA) expression by oncogenic and tumor suppressor networks results in frequent dysregulation of miRNAs in cancer cells and contributes to tumorigenesis. We previously demonstrated that activation of the c-Myc oncogenic transcription factor (Myc) broadly influences miRNA expression and in particular leads to widespread miRNA down-regulation. miRNA transcripts repres...

Although XPO5 has been characterized to have tumor-suppressor features in the miRNA biogenesis pathway, the impact of altered expression of XPO5 in cancers is unexplored. Here we report a novel "oncogenic" role of XPO5 in advanced prostate cancer. Using prostate cancer models, we found that excess levels of XPO5 override the inhibitory effect of the canoncial miRNA-mRNA regulation, resulting in...

Alternative RNA splicing is an essential process to yield proteomic diversity in eukaryotic cells, and aberrant splicing is often associated with numerous human diseases and cancers. We recently described serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3 or SRp20) being a proto-oncogene. However, the SRSF3-regulated splicing events responsible for its oncogenic activities remain largely unknown. By...