During a cross-sectional study, patients who were admitted to the orthopedic department of the Urmia University of Medical Sciences were asked about opium/opioid abuse. Demographic characteristics, the pattern of consumption, the substance, the duration of the use, the duration of hospital stay and the cause of their injuries were recorded. Among 2,867 patients, 74 (2.5%) patients (71 men and 3...

There is evidence that opioids may affect food consumption through mechanisms as diverse as reward or energy metabolism. However, these hypotheses are derived from studies employing peripheral or, more rarely, intracerebroventricular administration of drugs. Opioid receptors have a wide distribution in the central nervous system and include a number of regions implicated in food intake such as ...

The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a field block that provides postoperative analgesia for abdominal surgery. Its analgesic utility after Caesarean delivery (CD) remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines whether TAP block can reduce i.v. morphine consumption in the first 24 h after CD. The authors retrieved randomized controlled trials comparing TAP bl...

aim and background:   optimal postoperative pain management is necessary after minor general surgery. although pregabalin had been showed efficacy against neuropathic pain, very limited evidence support its postoperative analgesic efficacy. the aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of premedication with single oral dose of pregabalin for minor general surgery.                ...

background tonsillectomy is a common procedure causing considerable postoperative pain. postoperative pain intensity of 60 - 70 in the scale of visual analog scale (vas) has been reported up to 3 - 4 days which could continue until 11 days after the surgery. objectives the current study aimed to compare the analgesic effect of gabapentin and diclofenac on pain after tonsillectomy with the contr...

The Middle East is a heterogeneous region with substantial variability in social development, wealth and palliative care development. The region has few democracies, strong but diverse religious affiliations, and many of the region's counties are involved in political upheavals or regional conflicts. While the global consumption of opioids has increased throughout the last 30 years, there has b...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Perineural dexamethasone prolongs the duration of single-injection peripheral nerve block when added to the local anesthetic solution. Postulated systemic mechanisms of action along with theoretical safety concerns have prompted the investigation of intravenous dexamethasone as an alternative, with decidedly mixed results. We aimed to confirm that addition of intraveno...

AIMS The opioid antagonist naltrexone may reduce ethanol reward, but the underlying neurochemical mechanisms has yet to be clarified. The afferent projections to the nucleus accumbens from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) provide a potential substrate by which endogenous opioids may modulate the dopaminergic rewarding effects of ethanol. We assessed mRNA levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a m...