OBJECTIVES Smoking opium/cigarette is a global health concern. The aim of this study was to examine learning and memory of rat male offsprings whose mothers had been exposed to either opium or morphine with nicotine during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were used for the experiments. In the female rats, opium, morphine and nicotine dependencies were induced by daily injections o...

BACKGROUND Along with the established effects of opium on metabolic parameters, stimulatory or inhibitory effects of opium on metabolic syndrome are also predictable. This study aimed to examine the association of opium use with metabolic syndrome and its components. METHODS This study was conducted on 5332 out of 5900 original sample participants enrolled in a population-based cohort entitle...

Opium arrests life, anesthetises. Well being comes from a kind of death. Without opium I am cold I catch cold I do not feel hungry. I am impatient to impose what I invent When I smoke I am warm, I do not know what colds are, I am hungry. My impatience disappears." "Opium lead s the organism towards death in euphoric mood. The tortures arise from the process of returning to life against one's wi...

OBJECTIVE To compare HCV and HIV infection among heroin addicts in MMT and not in MMT in two large cities in central China. METHODS A total of 541 heroin addicts were recruited from MMT clinics and voluntary detoxification centers in Changsha and Wuhan, China. Structured questionnaires collected data on their socio-demographics, clinical status, risk behaviors, and their knowledge of HIV. The...

OBJECTIVE The association between opium use and bladder cancer has been investigated in many studies, with varying reporting results reported. This study aims to estimate the total odds ratio for the association between bladder cancer and opium consumption using meta-analysis. METHODS The study was designed according to PRISMA guidelines. Two independent researchers searched for the relevant ...

BACKGROUND The main source of studies about effects of opium consumption on heart and brain attacks originates from Iran Therefore the aim of the present study was to assess opium addiction as a probable influencing factor for ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in two Cardiology and Neurology clinics in Eastern Iran in 201...

opium-eaters brought to the jail to undergo sentence of imprisonment. The people of Sagor were worse off as regards opium taking than those of Narsingpur. My rule of practice was to stop opium completely at once. It is true that the prisoners complained of excruciating pain for a day or two, but this was, I think, more imaginary than real, or rather the sensation of a mind weakened and imbecile...

Opium (powdered poppy Capsules) mixed with sugars and other plant products is a popular home made remedy for colic, cough and tonics for infants and children in Baluchistan. Over a period of 7 years (1977.1983) 28 children between the ages of I month to 5 years were admitted in Civil Hospital Quetta due to opium poisoning accounting for 0.16% of all paediatric admissions during the same period....

We model the economic incentives surrounding opium crop production in Afghanistan. Specifically, we examine the impact of eradication policies when opium is used as a means of obtaining credit, and when the crops are produced in sharecropping arrangements. The analysis suggests that when perfect credit markets are available, an increased risk of eradication will lead to less land being allocate...

OBJECTIVE The data on England and Wales voluntarily supplied by Coroners to the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths for the August 1996-December 2002 time frame were analyzed. METHODS All cases in which at least one analgesic- and cough suppressant-opioid other than heroin/morphine, methadone or buprenorphine was identified were extracted from the database. We hypothesized that: a) p...