BACKGROUND Impact of substance abuse on outcome of hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a frequent question. Available studies show disagreements over its impact, thus we performed this study to find a clear answer. METHODS In a cross sectional study, 304 patients (include 152 consecutive opium dependents and equal number of independents) with acute MI admitted to co...

Both UNODC and U.S. surveys of opium poppy cultivation indicated a significant increase in cultivation and potential production in 2007, and production and export of synthetic drugs (amphetamine-type stimulants, crystal methamphetamine and Ketamine) from Burma continued unabated. (Note: 2008 UNODC Cultivation Report statistics were not available by our printing deadline.) The significant downwa...

BACKGROUND Opium is an addictive agent and one of the most common narcotics With great challenges of intraoperative hemodynamic instabilities. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to assess the effects of clonidine on intraoperative blood loss in patients with and without opium addiction in femoral fracture surgeries. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a randomized clinical trial, 160 candidates for ele...

BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Determination of the risk factors and high risk groups plays an important role in the prevention and controlling programs. The present study aims to determine the relationship between opium consumption and severity of CAD. METHODS In this hospital based case-control study, 299 patients who wer...

In the current issue, Vander Weele et al. (2014) provide a previously unseen characterization of opioid-induced potentiation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), an effect shared by all commonly abused drugs and thought to critically contribute to drug reinforcement. This work is extremely timely as prescription opioid abuse and addiction are currently at epidemic levels. Indeed,...

Acquired nosocomial infections include all clinical that the patient does not have at time of admission to hospital and hours after admission, patient's natural flora acquires characteristics become source bacterial for himself. Nosocomial dramatically cause illness death impose high costs on hospitalized patient. Hence, this study tends compare prevalence in opium consumers healthy patients ad...

Objectives: Difficulty in emotional regulation is an important component the pathology of different types addiction and its evaluation can be helpful understanding treating these difficulties. The purpose this study to evaluate people with opioid dependence (heroin opium), food addiction, internet compared normal people. Methods: This a causal- comparative study. Participants were 120 eligible ...

In commenting on the discovery of "opiate" receptors, Goldstein (1976) said: "It seemed unlikely, a priori, that such highly stereospecific receptors should have been developed by nature to interact with alkaloids from the opium poppy" (p. 1081). Endogenous opioid peptides and opioid receptor systems have now been identified in invertebrates that are unlikely to have had ancestors exposed to op...

The opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is one of mankind's oldest medicinal plants. Opium poppy today is the commercial source of the narcotic analgesics morphine and codeine. Along with these two morphinans, opium poppy produces approximately eighty alkaloids belonging to various tetrahydrobenzylisoquinoline-derived classes. It has been known for over a century that morphinan alkaloids accumulat...

BACKGROUND Opium-dependence having different effects on the nervous system is a common problem, especially in the Middle East and Iran. The aim of this study is evaluating the effects of opium-dependence on visual evoked potential (VEP) in men. METHODS Thirty subjects with both chronic cigarette smoking and opium-dependence (group 1) and 30 subjects with only chronic cigarette smoking (group ...