The uniqueness of polarization microscopy lies in the use of light beams with controlled states of polarization. With such beams, optical properties such as birefringence, dichroism, and optical activity are detectable, and optical constants are determinable in an exceedingly small sample volume. Since birefringence and dichroism generally reflect the arrangement or properties of material the d...

A High Rigidity Spectrometer (HRS) has been designed for experiments at the Facility Rare-Isotope Beams (FRIB) Michigan State University (MSU). The HRS will allow to be performed with most exotic neutron-rich isotopes high beam energies (≳100 MeV/u). consists of an analysis beamline called High-Transmission Beamline (HTBL) and spectrometer proper Section. maximum magnetic rigidity is 8 Tm, whic...

We studied variations in the optical properties of the compound eyes of Uca lactea annulipes using in vivo optical and histological techniques. The distribution of resolving power in the eyes of this fiddler crab species is typical for arthropods that inhabit flat environments: the eyes possess a panoramic equatorial acute zone for vertical resolution and a steep decrease of resolution away fro...

To face the challenges of modern health care, new imaging techniques with subcellular resolution or detection over wide fields are required. Far field optical nanoscopy presents many new solutions, providing high resolution or detection at high speed. We present a new classification scheme to help appreciate the growing number of optical nanoscopy techniques. We underline an important distincti...

Visual acuity along the horizontal meridian in the peripheral field of vision was determined at a photopic level in two normal subjects. Two types of sinusoidally modulated, monochromatic test patterns of high contrast were used. One was produced directly on the retina by an interferometric technique. The other type was imaged on the retina by the dioptric apparatus of the eye; the resulting im...

In this paper, a Y-shaped power splitter based on a two dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) for TE modes is designed and optimized. A triangular lattice of air holes is used for Y-shaped power divider. For analyzing these structures, plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods are used. The simulation results show that more than 98% of the input power is transmitt...