background: type ii diabetes is known as one of the most important, prevalent, and expensive diseases of mankind. late diagnosis and subsequent delayed initiation of treatment or surveillance of patients create a variety of problems for affected individuals. this has raised increasing concerns for public health authorities throughout the world. in the current study, we aimed to find a new appro...

social anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder in which a person has an excessive and unreasonable fear of social situations. social anxiety and self-consciousness arise from a fear of being closely watched and criticized by others. clinical observation also suggests that some persons with social anxiety disorder may experience intense anger at others upon perceived negative evaluation or when ...

b a c k g r o u n d  & aim: it is very helpful to classify and predict the clinical  category  of a sample based  on  its  gene  expression  profile.  this  study  was  conducted  to predict  tissues  of colorectal adenoma,  adenocarcinoma,  and  paired  normal  in  colon  based  on  microarray  data  using  nearest shrunken centroid method. methods   &  materials:    in  this  study,   the  co...

foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a severely contagious viral disease that mainly affects cloven-hoofedlivestock and wildlife. this study quantifies the cytokines mrna expression of vaccinated guinea pigs withfmd type o inactivated vaccine. blood samples were collected from eight guinea pigs at 7 and 28 days after thefirst vaccination. extracted mrnas were reverse-transcribed into cdna and analyz...

background calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase iiα (camkiiα) may modulate the function of mu-opioid receptors by phosphorylation and therefore, be involved in development of morphine-induced analgesic tolerance. objectives the current study aimed to examine changes in gene expression of camkiiα in the lumbosacral cord and midbrain during induction of morphine analgesic tolerance. materi...

rna extraction is a prerequisite technique for gene expression studies, analyzing the etiology and disease progression, treatment effects, as well as designing the diagnostic methods. although many rna extraction kits have been commercialized, but these kits are expensive and are not accessible in some countries. many studies have shown that trizol is an applicable material for the rna extracti...

human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (hg-csf) induces proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte progenitor cells. this glycoprotein is currently being used for treatment of neutropenia, in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation. so far, different researchers have tried to enhance hg-csf biological activity and stability. in this study, polymerase chain reaction (p...

the genome of iranian wheat stripe virus (iwsv), a tentative member of the genus tenuivirus, is comprised of three ambisense and one negative sense rna segments. the coat and non-structural proteins encoded by the vcrna3 and vrna4 genes, respectively, were efficiently translated in vitro. translated proteins of vcrna3 and vrna4 transcripts were approximately 35000 and 22000 in mr, respectively,...

abstract: a pure nucleotide pool is an essential precursor of correct dna replication and prevention of mutagenesis and abnormality in a living cell. inosine triphosphatase (itpase) is a critical enzyme to remove any deaminated rough purine nucleotides such as inosine from nucleotide pool. it has been shown that the rate of substitution mutation in genomic dna increase by abnormal function and ...