The dynamics of the graphene-catalyst interaction during chemical vapor deposition are investigated using in situ, time- and depth-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and complementary grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations coupled to a tight-binding model. We thereby reveal the interdependency of the distribution of carbon close to the catalyst surface and the strength of the graphene-...

in present investigation, zno nanostructure was synthesized by means of a precipitation and sonochemical methods. the x-ray diffraction (xrd) pattern is shown that the wurtzite structure of zno has the hexagonal symmetry and there is no impurity. the average zno particles crystallite size was calculated about 41 nm. the sem and tem images reveal nanostructure zno particles with a cauliflower-li...

In this paper, we consider a newsvendor who is going to invest on dedicated or flexible capacity, our goal is to find the optimal investment policy to maximize total profit while the newsvendor faces uncertainty in lead time and demand simultaneously. As highlighted in literature, demand is stochastic, while lead time is constant. However, in reality lead time uncertainty decreases newsvendor's...

The monolithic catalytic converter is still the main pollution control device for modern vehicles in order to reach the ever-increasing legislative demands for low emission standards. The catalytic converters require a large expansion from the exhaust pipe to the front face of the monolith. Unfortunately, packaging constraints often do not permit the use of long diffusers. Hence, flow separa...

BACKGROUND 2,6-dimethylphenol (2,6-DMP) is a product of phenol methylation, especially important for the plastics industry. The process of phenol methylation in the gas phase is strongly exothermic. In order to ensure good temperature equalization in the catalyst bed, the process was carried out using a catalyst in the form of a fluidized bed - in particular, the commercial iron-chromium cataly...

Choosing the optimal catalyst for a new transformation is challenging because the ideal molecular requirements of the catalyst for one reaction do not always simply translate to another. Large groups at the 3,3' positions of the binaphthol rings are important for efficient stereoinduction but if they are too large this can lead to unusual or poor results. By applying a quantitative steric asses...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown directly on substrates by alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition using a Co-Mo binary catalyst. Optimum catalytic and reaction conditions were investigated using a combinatorial catalyst library. High catalytic activity areas on the substrate were identified by mapping the CNT yield against the orthogonal gradient thickness profiles of Co and Mo. The loca...

This paper presents a study about the dependence of the hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanowires (NWs) with the passivation level of the active surface of the Au catalyst layer. The hydrothermal method has many potential applications because of its low processing temperature, feasibility, and low cost. However, when a gold thin film is utilized as the seed material, the grown NWs often lack morphol...