Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is the most commonly used system for restoring function after spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we used a model consists of a joint, two links with one degree of freedom, and two muscles as flexor and extensor of the joint, which simulated in MATLAB using SimMechanics and Simulink Toolboxes. The muscle model is based on Zajac musculotendon actuator...

A method for the rapid design of field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based discrete cosine transform (DCT) approximations is presented that can be used to control the coding gain, mean square error (MSE), quantization noise, hardware cost, and power consumption by optimizing the coefficient values and datapath wordlengths. Previous DCT design methods can only control the quality of the DCT app...

In this Letter, we present a novel strategy to control the thermoelectric properties of individual PbSe nanowires. Using a field-effect gated device, we were able to tune the Seebeck coefficient of single PbSe nanowires from 64 to 193 microV x K(-1). This direct electrical field control of sigma and S suggests a powerful strategy for optimizing ZT in thermoelectric devices. These results repres...

This paper presents a new adaptive control approach that involves a performance optimization objective. The control synthesis involves the design of a performance optimizing adaptive controller from a subset of control inputs. The resulting effect of the performance optimizing adaptive controller is to modify the initial reference model into a time-varying reference model which satisfies the pe...

This paper focuses on expanding and evaluating an automatic generation control (AGC) system of a hydrothermal system by modelling the appropriate generation rate constraints to operate practically in an economic manner. The hydro area is considered with an electric governor and the thermal area is modelled with a reheat turbine. Furthermore, the integral controllers and electri...

We define a notion of equivalence for designs containing black boxes i.e., components whose functionality is not known: these arise naturally in the course of hierarchical design. Using this notion, we describe a sound and complete methodology for optimizing such designs.

The paper presents the abstraction transformation which is a fundamental method for creating functions in ADATE. The use of abstraction turns out to be similar to evolution by gene duplication which is emerging as the most important theory of \building blocks" in natural genomes. We discuss the relationship between abstraction and its natural counterparts, but also give novel technical details ...