Abstract Spacing between check dams depends on the stream bed slope, effective height of check dams and slope of deposited sediments behind the check dams. The slope of deposited sediments is more important than the other two factors because of complications in the way of its occurrence and its measurement after several years of dam construction. This research presents the effective factors a...

In a previous paper, we addressed the problem of choosing constant values of altitude, speed, and angle of attack such that the orbital plane change during hypersonic flight is maximized for a fixed amount of propellant consumption. In the present paper, the restrictions of constant speed and angle of attack are removed. Necessary conditions for solutions to the resulting optimal control proble...

The design of a gravity retaining wall should be simple to construct, quick build and the best economic solution problem. This can achieved by using advanced optimization methods. Since geotechnical engineers are not always able determine exact soil properties other project data, an optimal also determined for wide range input parameters. Therefore, multiparametric analysis designed was carried...

The dependence of the ramp geometry on highor low-angle ion-beam etching, used to structure ramp-type Josephson junctions based on ReBa2Cu3O7−δ high-Tc superconductors, is investigated by cross-section transmission electron microscopy. The surface quality, interfaces and crystal defects are analysed by high-resolution electron microscopy. Technical difficulties to reproducibly obtain the desire...

This paper aims to reveal the mechanical properties, energy evolution characteristics, and dynamic rupture process of preflawed granite under impact loading with different rock bridge angles strain rates. A series experiments were conducted along separate Hopkinson press bar (SHPB) testing system analyze study overall fracture process. Under load, peak stress increases increase angle rate, but ...

in order to study the ecology of the genius microtus schrank, 1798 (mammalia: rodentia) in nwof iran, three regions including salmas, marand, and moghan were selected. the number of active nests of m. socialis and m. aff. socialis (2n=54) were detected during spring and autumn. in this period, detection were made in three blocks of each location (each one 20×50m) with intervals of one week in 2...

Small-scale slope modelling was performed to evaluate the failure process of a landslide triggered by artificial rainfall. The model platform 2.3 m long, 1.0 wide, and 0.5 deep used build small-scale models with same geometric conditions but different soil types/materials, including sand two sand-kaolin mixtures angle. hydraulic response under simulated rainfall monitored using volumetric water...