With the disappearance of circulating wild poliovirus and improved sanitation, protective antibody levels may wane over time following oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) administration. This study evaluated the seroprevalence of neutralising antibodies to vaccine polioviruses among young Indian women who had received at least three doses of OPV as primary immunisation. Of 60 women studied, 27 (45%) ...

As the world takes rapid strides in the eradication of polio, the trivalent inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) would be the only polio vaccine available in the near future. Since the maintenance of herd immunity is important for sustaining polio eradication, this vaccine would need to be used in the early childhood immunization schedule for many years to come [1]. WHO’s Strategic Advisory Group of...

Recent years have seen an ever increasing interest in organic photovoltaics (OPV) [1]. As a result there is a high scientific demand for microstructural characterization of the various fabricated devices. Here we introduce several new techniques for examining OPV materials in a (scanning) transmission electron microscope (TEM/STEM) capable of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). The materi...

In the above instance, three vaccines were inadvertently re-administered within a week, which is against the established principles of vaccination in most instances. While only a single dose of BCG is indicated as per the vaccination schedule, more than one dose is required for OPV and Hepatitis-B. The birth dose of OPV and hepatitis-B serve only as ‘priming’ dose for the subsequent doses. For ...

We demonstrate a new solution-processed electron transport layer (ETL), zinc oxide doped with cesium carbonate (ZnO:Cs2CO3), for achieving organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with good operational stability at ambient air. An OPV employing the ZnO:Cs2CO3 ETL exhibits a fill factor of 62%, an open circuit voltage of 0.90 V, and a short circuit current density of -6.14 mA/cm(2) along with 3.43% power co...

An overview of the theoretical/computational methods that allow study thermodynamic stability polymer blends for photovoltaics is provided. After discussing fundamental concepts blend and solubility, including mixing enthalpy Flory–Huggins theory, some experimental approaches to determine interaction parameter in organic photovoltaic (OPV) are briefly discussed, advances modeling based on use a...

BACKGROUND Intestinal immunity induced by oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is imperfect and wanes with time, permitting transmission of infection by immunised children. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) does not induce an intestinal mucosal immune response, but could boost protection in children who are mucosally primed through previous exposure to OPV. We aimed to assess the effect of IPV on i...

This paper presents the proposal for concept design of hybrid Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPV) that are suitable countries with budget constraints. Many cannot afford two different classes ships to answer current civil and military challenges. Therefore, proposed approach might be most acceptable solution these countries. The covers OPVs could include traditional navy capabilities such as anti-shi...