As soil is the basis of all terrestrial ecosystems, degraded soil means lower fertility, reduced biodiversity and reduced human welfare. Therefore the focus of this paper is on elucidating the influence of land use and land cover (LULC) change on two important soil quality indicators that are fundamental to effective measures for ameliorating soil degradation; namely soil acidity and soil salin...

a r t i c l e i n f o Spatial observations of plant occurrences contain a wealth of information on relations among species and on the relation between species and environmental conditions. Typically, inventory data of this kind are large co-occurrence matrices, and hence, direct ecological interpretations based on expert knowledge are often very difficult. Hitherto, ordination approaches have b...

This paper explores the reconstruction of ordination platform in Huishan monastery on Mount Song 767 context reinforcement pro-Buddhist policies at court Emperor Daizong (r. 762–779). The vinaya monks and state officials who engaged this platform’s are identified as associates two prominent monastic figures: Amoghavajra (Bukong jin’gang; 704–774), an Esoteric leader imperial court; Songshan Puj...

To secure the transmission lines against power system faults, distance relays are mostly used. Distance relay has its own Resistance (R)–Reactance (X) characteristics. Co-ordination of different is necessary for fast operation circuit breaker. Various which being tripped with respect to breakers attached at individual buses faraway from each other. These will be operated between occurred fault ...

Embedded agents can be used as building blocks or components in the construction of an Intelligent Building (IB). However it remains a great challenge on how to implement this idea in a distributed networking environment. In this paper, we present a co-ordination framework for web-enabled embedded agents to optimize the dynamic allocation of resources and the mobility of services in an intellig...

1. An overview of the problem My aim is to trace the thinking-in-change (Noss & Hoyles, 1996) during the co-ordination of two epistemologically distinct faces of distribution. By co-ordination here, I refer to the connection between a data-centric perspective on distribution, which identifies distribution as an aggregated set of actual outputs, and a modelling perspective on distribution, which...

This paper provides a formal framework for developing the idea of normative co-ordination. This idea is based on the assumption that agents can achieve flexible co-ordination by conferring normative positions to other agents. These positions include duties, permissions, and powers. In particular, we introduce the idea of declarative power, i.e. the capacity of the power-holder of creating norma...