ISSN 1758-2008 10.2217/NPY.11.58 © 2011 Future Medicine Ltd Neuropsychiatry (2011) 1(6), 541–552 Summary This article revisits the roots of the clinical categorical concept of schizophrenia and its biopathogenetic model (‘dopaminergic model’), based on dopaminergic dysfunctioning in CNS, as conceived in the 1960s and 1970s. These clinical/biopathogenic concepts have been challenged by the dimen...

although most parts of iran is free of malaria owing to appreciable struggle against this disease by the ministry of public health, in every case of fever of unknown origin (fuo) possibility of malaria should not be neglected. unjustified administration of antibiotics can delay the diagnosis because of diminishing effect in number of malaria parasites in peripheral blood. for this reason freque...

The endothelium controls vascular tone not only by releasing NO and prostacyclin but also by other pathways causing hyperpolarization of the underlying smooth muscle cells. This characteristic was at the origin of the denomination “endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor” (EDHF). However, this acronym includes different mechanisms. Arachidonic acid metabolites derived from the cyclooxygenase...

Abstract Ancient Iranians knew well “bears”, in spite of the fact that they are not frequently mentioned oldest literature Zoroastrians. Despite classification bears as wild and demonic beasts, their common name was particularly affected by strong unexpected changes due to linguistic taboos, at least earlier phases. The present article investigates position within Pahlavi discusses some aspects...